lang: Add unification optimizations

This adds a unification optimizations API, and uses it to optimize the
embedded provisioner. With these turned on, type unification drops from
around 1m45s to 2.5s which is a 40x speedup.

.ackrc

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 --ignore-dir=old/
 --ignore-dir=tmp/
 --ignore-dir=vendor/
+--ignore-dir=releases/
+--ignore-dir=rpmbuild/
+--type-set=mcl:ext:mcl

.editorconfig

@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ indent_style = tab
 
 [*.mcl]
 indent_style = tab
+
+[*.txtar]
+indent_style = tab

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
-# You can add one username per supported platform and one custom link
+# You can add one username per supported platform and one custom link.
+custom: "https://paypal.me/purpleidea"
+github: purpleidea
+liberapay: purpleidea
 patreon: purpleidea

.github/settings.yml

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ labels:
     color: e11d21
   - name: question
     color: cc317c
+  - name: needinfo
+    color: fbca04
   - name: wontfix
     color: ffffff
 #  - name: first-timers-only

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Docs: https://help.github.com/en/articles/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions
+
+# If the name is omitted, it uses the filename instead.
+#name: Test
+on:
+  # Run on all pull requests.
+  pull_request:
+    #branches:
+    #- master
+  # Run on all pushes.
+  push:
+  # Run daily at 4am.
+  schedule:
+  - cron: 0 4 * * *
+
+jobs:
+  maketest:
+    name: Test (${{ matrix.test_block }}) on ${{ matrix.os }} with golang ${{ matrix.golang_version }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GOPATH: /home/runner/work/mgmt/mgmt/go
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # TODO: Add tip when it's supported: https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/21
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          # macos tests are currently failing in CI
+          #- macos-latest
+        golang_version:
+          # TODO: add 1.21.x and tip
+          # minimum required and latest published go_version
+          - "1.20"
+        test_block:
+          - basic
+          - shell
+          - race
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    steps:
+      # Do not shallow fetch. The path can't be absolute, so we need to move it
+      # to the expected location later.
+      - name: Clone mgmt
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: ./go/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
+
+      - name: Install Go ${{ matrix.golang_version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.golang_version }}
+
+      # Install & configure ruby, fixes gem permissions error
+      - name: Install Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: head
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        working-directory: ./go/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
+        run: |
+          make deps
+
+      - name: Run test
+        working-directory: ./go/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
+        run: |
+          TEST_BLOCK="${{ matrix.test_block }}" make test

.gitignore

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ old/
 tmp/
 *WIP
 *_stringer.go
-bindata/*.go
 mgmt
 mgmt.static
 # crossbuild artifacts
@@ -17,3 +16,5 @@ rpmbuild/
 releases/
 # vim swap files
 .*.sw[op]
+# prevent `echo foo 2>1` typo errors by making this file read-only
+1

.gitmodules

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/coreos/etcd"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/coreos/etcd
-	url = https://github.com/coreos/etcd/
-[submodule "vendor/google.golang.org/grpc"]
-	path = vendor/google.golang.org/grpc
-	url = https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway
-	url = https://github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway
-[submodule "vendor/gopkg.in/fsnotify.v1"]
-	path = vendor/gopkg.in/fsnotify.v1
-	url = https://gopkg.in/fsnotify.v1
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/purpleidea/go-systemd"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/purpleidea/go-systemd
-	url = https://github.com/purpleidea/go-systemd
-[submodule "vendor/honnef.co/go/augeas"]
-	path = vendor/honnef.co/go/augeas
-	url = https://github.com/dominikh/go-augeas/
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus
-	url = https://github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/ugorji/go"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/ugorji/go
-	url = https://github.com/ugorji/go
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/purpleidea/docker"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/docker/docker
-	url = https://github.com/purpleidea/docker
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/purpleidea/distribution"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/docker/distribution
-	url = https://github.com/purpleidea/distribution
-[submodule "vendor/github.com/purpleidea/go-connections"]
-	path = vendor/github.com/docker/go-connections
-	url = https://github.com/docker/go-connections

.travis.yml

@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@ install: 'make deps'
 matrix:
   fast_finish: false
   allow_failures:
-  - go: 1.12.x
+  - go: 1.21.x
   - go: tip
   - os: osx
   # include only one build for osx for a quicker build as the nr. of these runners are sparse
   include:
   - name: "basic tests"
-    go: 1.11.x
+    go: 1.20.x
     env: TEST_BLOCK=basic
   - name: "shell tests"
-    go: 1.11.x
+    go: 1.20.x
     env: TEST_BLOCK=shell
   - name: "race tests"
-    go: 1.11.x
+    go: 1.20.x
     env: TEST_BLOCK=race
-  - go: 1.12.x
+  - go: 1.21.x
   - go: tip
   - os: osx
 script: 'TEST_BLOCK="$TEST_BLOCK" make test'
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ script: 'TEST_BLOCK="$TEST_BLOCK" make test'
 # with a value of: irc.freenode.net#mgmtconfig to eliminate noise from forks...
 notifications:
   irc:
-    channels:
-      - secure: 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
+    #channels:
+    #  - secure: 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
     template:
       - "%{repository} (%{commit}: %{author}): %{message}"
       - "More info : %{build_url}"

AUTHORS

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ This list is sorted alphabetically by first name.
 
 Felix Frank
 James Shubin
+Joe Groocock
 Johan Bloemberg
 Jonathan Gold
 Julien Pivotto
 Paul Morgan
+Samuel Gélineau

COPYING

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
 
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
     GNU General Public License for more details.
 
     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
 
@@ -664,11 +664,11 @@ might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
-<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
 into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
 may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
 the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
 Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
-<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+<https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

COPYRIGHT

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Mgmt
-Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,4 +13,16 @@ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU General Public License for more details.
 
 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+
+If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+additional permission.

Makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Mgmt
-# Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 # Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,15 +13,31 @@
 # GNU General Public License for more details.
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+#
+# If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+# with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+# modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+# the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+# license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+# convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+# the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+# additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+# additional permission.
 
 SHELL = /usr/bin/env bash
-.PHONY: all art cleanart version program lang path deps run race bindata generate build build-debug crossbuild clean test gofmt yamlfmt format docs rpmbuild mkdirs rpm srpm spec tar upload upload-sources upload-srpms upload-rpms upload-releases copr tag release funcgen
-.SILENT: clean bindata
+.PHONY: all art cleanart version program lang path deps run race generate build build-debug crossbuild clean test gofmt yamlfmt format docs
+.PHONY: rpmbuild mkdirs rpm srpm spec tar upload upload-sources upload-srpms upload-rpms upload-releases copr tag
+.PHONY: mkosi mkosi_fedora-latest mkosi_fedora-older mkosi_stream-latest mkosi_debian-stable mkosi_ubuntu-latest mkosi_archlinux
+.PHONY: release release_test releases_path release_binary_amd64 release_binary_arm64 release_fedora-latest release_fedora-older release_stream-latest release_debian-stable release_ubuntu-latest release_archlinux
+.PHONY: funcgen
+.SILENT: clean
 
 # a large amount of output from this `find`, can cause `make` to be much slower!
 GO_FILES := $(shell find * -name '*.go' -not -path 'old/*' -not -path 'tmp/*')
-MCL_FILES := $(shell find lang/funcs/ -name '*.mcl' -not -path 'old/*' -not -path 'tmp/*')
+MCL_FILES := $(shell find lang/ -name '*.mcl' -not -path 'old/*' -not -path 'tmp/*')
 
 SVERSION := $(or $(SVERSION),$(shell git describe --match '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' --tags --dirty --always))
 VERSION := $(or $(VERSION),$(shell git describe --match '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' --tags --abbrev=0))
@@ -32,6 +48,13 @@ ifeq ($(VERSION),$(SVERSION))
 else
 	RELEASE = untagged
 endif
+# debugging is harder if -trimpath is set, so disable it if env var is set
+# this is force enabled automatically when using the release target
+ifeq ($(MGMT_NOTRIMPATH),true)
+	TRIMPATH =
+else
+	TRIMPATH = -trimpath
+endif
 ARCH = $(uname -m)
 SPEC = rpmbuild/SPECS/$(PROGRAM).spec
 SOURCE = rpmbuild/SOURCES/$(PROGRAM)-$(VERSION).tar.bz2
@@ -40,7 +63,7 @@ SRPM_BASE = $(PROGRAM)-$(VERSION)-$(RELEASE).src.rpm
 RPM = rpmbuild/RPMS/$(PROGRAM)-$(VERSION)-$(RELEASE).$(ARCH).rpm
 USERNAME := $(shell cat ~/.config/copr 2>/dev/null | grep username | awk -F '=' '{print $$2}' | tr -d ' ')
 SERVER = 'dl.fedoraproject.org'
-REMOTE_PATH = 'pub/alt/$(USERNAME)/$(PROGRAM)'
+REMOTE_PATH = '/srv/pub/alt/$(USERNAME)/$(PROGRAM)'
 ifneq ($(GOTAGS),)
 	BUILD_FLAGS = -tags '$(GOTAGS)'
 endif
@@ -49,9 +72,68 @@ GOOSARCHES ?= linux/amd64 linux/ppc64 linux/ppc64le linux/arm64 darwin/amd64
 GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 
-RPM_PKG = releases/$(VERSION)/rpm/mgmt-$(VERSION)-1.x86_64.rpm
-DEB_PKG = releases/$(VERSION)/deb/mgmt_$(VERSION)_amd64.deb
-PACMAN_PKG = releases/$(VERSION)/pacman/mgmt-$(VERSION)-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
+# The underscores separate the prefix name ("TOKEN") the distro ("BINARY",
+# "FEDORA-LATEST", etc...) and the arch ("AMD64"). The distro can have a dash.
+TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64 = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/binary-amd64.release)
+TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64 = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/binary-arm64.release)
+TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/fedora-latest.release)
+TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/fedora-older.release)
+TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/stream-latest.release)
+TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/debian-stable.release)
+TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/ubuntu-latest.release)
+TOKEN_ARCHLINUX = $(shell grep -v '#' releases/archlinux.release)
+
+FILE_BINARY_AMD64 = mgmt-linux-amd64-$(VERSION)
+FILE_BINARY_ARM64 = mgmt-linux-arm64-$(VERSION)
+# TODO: add ARCH onto these at the end, eg _AMD64
+FILE_FEDORA-LATEST = mgmt-$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)-$(VERSION)-1.x86_64.rpm
+FILE_FEDORA-OLDER = mgmt-$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)-$(VERSION)-1.x86_64.rpm
+FILE_STREAM-LATEST = mgmt-$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)-$(VERSION)-1.x86_64.rpm
+FILE_DEBIAN-STABLE = mgmt_$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)_$(VERSION)_amd64.deb
+FILE_UBUNTU-LATEST = mgmt_$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)_$(VERSION)_amd64.deb
+FILE_ARCHLINUX = mgmt-$(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX)-$(VERSION)-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
+
+PKG_BINARY_AMD64 = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64)/$(FILE_BINARY_AMD64)
+PKG_BINARY_ARM64 = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64)/$(FILE_BINARY_ARM64)
+PKG_FEDORA-LATEST = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)/$(FILE_FEDORA-LATEST)
+PKG_FEDORA-OLDER = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)/$(FILE_FEDORA-OLDER)
+PKG_STREAM-LATEST = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)/$(FILE_STREAM-LATEST)
+PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)/$(FILE_DEBIAN-STABLE)
+PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)/$(FILE_UBUNTU-LATEST)
+PKG_ARCHLINUX = releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX)/$(FILE_ARCHLINUX)
+
+DEP_BINARY_AMD64 =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64),)
+	DEP_BINARY_AMD64 = $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64)
+endif
+DEP_BINARY_ARM64 =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64),)
+	DEP_BINARY_ARM64 = $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64)
+endif
+DEP_FEDORA-LATEST =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST),)
+	DEP_FEDORA-LATEST = $(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST)
+endif
+DEP_FEDORA-OLDER =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER),)
+	DEP_FEDORA-OLDER = $(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER)
+endif
+DEP_STREAM-LATEST =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST),)
+	DEP_STREAM-LATEST = $(PKG_STREAM-LATEST)
+endif
+DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE),)
+	DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE = $(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE)
+endif
+DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST),)
+	DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST = $(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST)
+endif
+DEP_ARCHLINUX =
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX),)
+	DEP_ARCHLINUX = $(PKG_ARCHLINUX)
+endif
 
 SHA256SUMS = releases/$(VERSION)/SHA256SUMS
 SHA256SUMS_ASC = $(SHA256SUMS).asc
@@ -116,11 +198,6 @@ run: ## run mgmt
 race:
 	find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.go' -not -name '*_test.go' | xargs go run -race -ldflags "-X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION)"
 
-# generate go files from non-go source
-bindata: ## generate go files from non-go sources
-	$(MAKE) --quiet -C bindata
-	$(MAKE) --quiet -C lang/funcs
-
 generate:
 	go generate
 
@@ -132,10 +209,10 @@ lang: ## generates the lexer/parser for the language frontend
 $(PROGRAM): build/mgmt-${GOHOSTOS}-${GOHOSTARCH} ## build an mgmt binary for current host os/arch
 	cp -a $< $@
 
-$(PROGRAM).static: $(GO_FILES) $(MCL_FILES)
+$(PROGRAM).static: $(GO_FILES) $(MCL_FILES) go.mod go.sum
 	@echo "Building: $(PROGRAM).static, version: $(SVERSION)..."
 	go generate
-	go build -a -installsuffix cgo -tags netgo -ldflags '-extldflags "-static" -X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION) -s -w' -o $(PROGRAM).static $(BUILD_FLAGS);
+	go build $(TRIMPATH) -a -installsuffix cgo -tags netgo -ldflags '-extldflags "-static" -X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION) -s -w' -o $(PROGRAM).static $(BUILD_FLAGS);
 
 build: LDFLAGS=-s -w ## build a fresh mgmt binary
 build: $(PROGRAM)
@@ -147,26 +224,23 @@ build-debug: $(PROGRAM)
 # extract os and arch from target pattern
 GOOS=$(firstword $(subst -, ,$*))
 GOARCH=$(lastword $(subst -, ,$*))
-build/mgmt-%: $(GO_FILES) $(MCL_FILES) | bindata lang funcgen
+build/mgmt-%: $(GO_FILES) $(MCL_FILES) go.mod go.sum | lang funcgen
 	@echo "Building: $(PROGRAM), os/arch: $*, version: $(SVERSION)..."
-	@# reassigning GOOS and GOARCH to make build command copy/pastable
-	@# go 1.10+ requires specifying the package for ldflags
-	@if go version | grep -qE 'go1.9'; then \
-		time env GOOS=${GOOS} GOARCH=${GOARCH} go build -i -ldflags "-X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION) ${LDFLAGS}" -o $@ $(BUILD_FLAGS); \
-	else \
-		time env GOOS=${GOOS} GOARCH=${GOARCH} go build -i -ldflags=$(PKGNAME)="-X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION) ${LDFLAGS}" -o $@ $(BUILD_FLAGS); \
-	fi
+	time env GOOS=${GOOS} GOARCH=${GOARCH} go build $(TRIMPATH) -ldflags=$(PKGNAME)="-X main.program=$(PROGRAM) -X main.version=$(SVERSION) ${LDFLAGS}" -o $@ $(BUILD_FLAGS)
 
 # create a list of binary file names to use as make targets
+# to use this you might want to run something like:
+# GOOSARCHES='linux/arm64' GOTAGS='noaugeas novirt' make crossbuild
+# and the output will end up in build/
 crossbuild_targets = $(addprefix build/mgmt-,$(subst /,-,${GOOSARCHES}))
 crossbuild: ${crossbuild_targets}
 
 clean: ## clean things up
-	$(MAKE) --quiet -C bindata clean
-	$(MAKE) --quiet -C lang/funcs clean
+	$(MAKE) --quiet -C test clean
 	$(MAKE) --quiet -C lang clean
-	rm -f lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs.go || true
-	rm -f lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs_test.go || true
+	$(MAKE) --quiet -C misc/mkosi clean
+	rm -f lang/core/generated_funcs.go || true
+	rm -f lang/core/generated_funcs_test.go || true
 	[ ! -e $(PROGRAM) ] || rm $(PROGRAM)
 	rm -f *_stringer.go	# generated by `go generate`
 	rm -f *_mock.go		# generated by `go generate`
@@ -174,6 +248,8 @@ clean: ## clean things up
 	rm -f build/mgmt-*
 
 test: build ## run tests
+	@# recursively run make in child dir named test
+	@$(MAKE) --quiet -C test
 	./test.sh
 
 # create all test targets for make tab completion (eg: make test-gofmt)
@@ -343,18 +419,105 @@ copr: upload-srpms ## build in copr
 tag: ## tags a new release
 	./misc/tag.sh
 
+#
+#	mkosi
+#
+mkosi: mkosi_fedora-latest mkosi_fedora-older mkosi_stream-latest mkosi_debian-stable mkosi_ubuntu-latest mkosi_archlinux ## builds distro packages via mkosi
+
+mkosi_fedora-latest: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
+mkosi_fedora-older: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
+mkosi_stream-latest: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
+mkosi_debian-stable: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
+mkosi_ubuntu-latest: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
+mkosi_archlinux: releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$@' ; echo "Generating: $${title#'mkosi_'} via mkosi..."
+	@title='$@' ; distro=$${title#'mkosi_'} ; ./misc/mkosi/make.sh $${distro} `realpath "releases/$(VERSION)/"`
+
 #
 #	release
 #
+release: TRIMPATH = -trimpath
 release: releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url ## generates and uploads a release
 
-releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url: $(RPM_PKG) $(DEB_PKG) $(PACMAN_PKG) $(SHA256SUMS_ASC)
+releases_path:
+	@#Don't put any other output or dependencies in here or they'll show!
+	@echo "releases/$(VERSION)/"
+
+release_test: $(DEP_BINARY_AMD64) $(DEP_BINARY_ARM64) $(DEP_FEDORA-LATEST) $(DEP_FEDORA-OLDER) $(DEP_STREAM-LATEST) $(DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE) $(DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST) $(DEP_ARCHLINUX) $(SHA256SUMS_ASC)
+	@echo '$$< denotes ‘the first dependency of the current rule’.'
+	@echo '> '"$<"
+	@echo
+	@echo '$$@ denotes ‘the target of the current rule’.'
+	@echo '> '"$@"
+	@echo
+	@echo '$$^ denotes ‘the dependencies of the current rule’.'
+	@echo '> '"$^"
+	@echo
+	@echo '$$* denotes ‘the stem with which the pattern of the current rule matched’.'
+	@echo '> '"$*"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64: $(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64)"
+	@echo "DEP_BINARY_AMD64: $(DEP_BINARY_AMD64)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64: $(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64)"
+	@echo "DEP_BINARY_ARM64: $(DEP_BINARY_ARM64)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST: $(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)"
+	@echo "DEP_FEDORA-LATEST: $(DEP_FEDORA-LATEST)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER: $(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)"
+	@echo "DEP_FEDORA-OLDER: $(DEP_FEDORA-OLDER)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST: $(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)"
+	@echo "DEP_STREAM-LATEST: $(DEP_STREAM-LATEST)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE: $(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)"
+	@echo "DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE: $(DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST: $(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)"
+	@echo "DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST: $(DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST)"
+	@echo
+	@echo "TOKEN_ARCHLINUX: $(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX)"
+	@echo "DEP_ARCHLINUX: $(DEP_ARCHLINUX)"
+
+release_binary_amd64: $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64)
+release_binary_arm64: $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64)
+release_fedora-latest: $(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST)
+release_fedora-older: $(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER)
+release_stream-latest: $(PKG_STREAM-LATEST)
+release_debian-stable: $(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE)
+release_ubuntu-latest: $(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST)
+release_archlinux: $(PKG_ARCHLINUX)
+
+releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url: $(DEP_BINARY_AMD64) $(DEP_BINARY_ARM64) $(DEP_FEDORA-LATEST) $(DEP_FEDORA-OLDER) $(DEP_STREAM-LATEST) $(DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE) $(DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST) $(DEP_ARCHLINUX) $(SHA256SUMS_ASC)
+	@echo "Pushing git tag $(VERSION) to origin..."
+	git push origin $(VERSION)
 	@echo "Creating github release..."
 	hub release create \
 		-F <( echo -e "$(VERSION)\n";echo "Verify the signatures of all packages before you use them. The signing key can be downloaded from https://purpleidea.com/contact/#pgp-key to verify the release." ) \
-		-a $(RPM_PKG) \
-		-a $(DEB_PKG) \
-		-a $(PACMAN_PKG) \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_STREAM-LATEST) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_STREAM-LATEST)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST)" ` \
+		` [ -e $(PKG_ARCHLINUX) ] && printf -- "-a $(PKG_ARCHLINUX)" ` \
 		-a $(SHA256SUMS_ASC) \
 		$(VERSION) \
 		> releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url \
@@ -362,32 +525,92 @@ releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url: $(RPM_PKG) $(DEB_PKG) $(PACMAN_PKG) $(SHA2
 		|| rm -f releases/$(VERSION)/mgmt-release.url
 
 releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir:
-	mkdir -p releases/$(VERSION)/{deb,rpm,pacman}/ && touch releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	mkdir -p \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)/" ` \
+	` [ "$(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX)" != "" ] && printf -- "releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX)/" ` \
+	&& touch releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
 
-releases/$(VERSION)/rpm/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
-	@echo "Generating: rpm changelog..."
-	./misc/make-rpm-changelog.sh $(VERSION)
+# These are defined conditionally, since if the token is empty, they warn!
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_BINARY_AMD64),)
+$(PKG_BINARY_AMD64): build/mgmt-linux-amd64 releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; cp -a build/mgmt-linux-amd64 $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64)
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_BINARY_ARM64),)
+$(PKG_BINARY_ARM64): build/mgmt-linux-arm64 releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; cp -a build/mgmt-linux-arm64 $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64)
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST),)
+releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Generating: $${distro} changelog..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/make-rpm-changelog.sh "$${distro}" $(VERSION)
 
-$(RPM_PKG): releases/$(VERSION)/rpm/changelog
-	@echo "Building: rpm package..."
-	./misc/fpm-pack.sh rpm $(VERSION) libvirt-devel augeas-devel
+$(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST): releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-LATEST)/changelog
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_FEDORA-LATEST)" libvirt-devel augeas-devel
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER),)
+releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Generating: $${distro} changelog..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/make-rpm-changelog.sh "$${distro}" $(VERSION)
 
-releases/$(VERSION)/deb/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
-	@echo "Generating: deb changelog..."
-	./misc/make-deb-changelog.sh $(VERSION)
+$(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER): releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_FEDORA-OLDER)/changelog
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_FEDORA-OLDER)" libvirt-devel augeas-devel
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST),)
+releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Generating: $${distro} changelog..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/make-rpm-changelog.sh "$${distro}" $(VERSION)
 
-$(DEB_PKG): releases/$(VERSION)/deb/changelog
-	@echo "Building: deb package..."
-	./misc/fpm-pack.sh deb $(VERSION) libvirt-dev libaugeas-dev
+$(PKG_STREAM-LATEST): releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_STREAM-LATEST)/changelog
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_STREAM-LATEST)" libvirt-devel augeas-devel
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE),)
+releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Generating: $${distro} changelog..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/make-deb-changelog.sh "$${distro}" $(VERSION)
 
-$(PACMAN_PKG): $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
-	@echo "Building: pacman package..."
-	./misc/fpm-pack.sh pacman $(VERSION) libvirt augeas
+$(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE): releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_DEBIAN-STABLE)/changelog
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_DEBIAN-STABLE)" libvirt-dev libaugeas-dev
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST),)
+releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)/changelog: $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Generating: $${distro} changelog..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/make-deb-changelog.sh "$${distro}" $(VERSION)
 
-$(SHA256SUMS): $(RPM_PKG) $(DEB_PKG) $(PACMAN_PKG)
+$(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST): releases/$(VERSION)/$(TOKEN_UBUNTU-LATEST)/changelog
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_UBUNTU-LATEST)" libvirt-dev libaugeas-dev
+endif
+ifneq ($(TOKEN_ARCHLINUX),)
+$(PKG_ARCHLINUX): $(PROGRAM) releases/$(VERSION)/.mkdir
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; echo "Building: $${distro} package..."
+	@title='$(@D)' ; distro=$${title#'releases/$(VERSION)/'} ; ./misc/fpm-pack.sh $${distro} $(VERSION) "$(FILE_ARCHLINUX)" libvirt augeas
+endif
+
+$(SHA256SUMS): $(DEP_BINARY_AMD64) $(DEP_BINARY_ARM64) $(DEP_FEDORA-LATEST) $(DEP_FEDORA-OLDER) $(DEP_STREAM-LATEST) $(DEP_DEBIAN-STABLE) $(DEP_UBUNTU-LATEST) $(DEP_ARCHLINUX)
 	@# remove the directory separator in the SHA256SUMS file
 	@echo "Generating: sha256 sum..."
-	sha256sum $(RPM_PKG) $(DEB_PKG) $(PACMAN_PKG) | awk -F '/| ' '{print $$1"  "$$6}' > $(SHA256SUMS)
+	sha256sum \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_BINARY_AMD64) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_BINARY_AMD64)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_BINARY_ARM64) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_BINARY_ARM64)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_FEDORA-LATEST)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_FEDORA-OLDER)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_STREAM-LATEST) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_STREAM-LATEST)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_DEBIAN-STABLE)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_UBUNTU-LATEST)" ` \
+	` [ -e $(PKG_ARCHLINUX) ] && printf -- "$(PKG_ARCHLINUX)" ` \
+	| awk -F '/| ' '{print $$1"  "$$6}' > $(SHA256SUMS)
 
 $(SHA256SUMS_ASC): $(SHA256SUMS)
 	@echo "Signing sha256 sum..."
@@ -413,14 +636,10 @@ help: ## show this help screen
 		awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "}; {printf "\033[36m%-20s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
 	@echo ''
 
-funcgen: lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs_test.go lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs.go
+funcgen: lang/core/generated_funcs.go
 
-lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs_test.go: lang/funcs/funcgen/*.go lang/funcs/core/funcgen.yaml lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs_test.go.tpl
-	@echo "Generating: funcs test..."
-	@go run lang/funcs/funcgen/*.go -templates lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs_test.go.tpl 2>/dev/null
-
-lang/funcs/core/generated_funcs.go: lang/funcs/funcgen/*.go lang/funcs/core/funcgen.yaml lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs.go.tpl
+lang/core/generated_funcs.go: lang/funcs/funcgen/*.go lang/core/funcgen.yaml lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs.go.tpl
 	@echo "Generating: funcs..."
-	@go run lang/funcs/funcgen/*.go -templates lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs.go.tpl 2>/dev/null
+	@go run `find lang/funcs/funcgen/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.go' -not -name '*_test.go'` -templates=lang/funcs/funcgen/templates/generated_funcs.go.tpl >/dev/null
 
 # vim: ts=8

README.md

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 [![mgmt!](art/mgmt.png)](art/)
 
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt?style=flat-square)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt)
-[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/purpleidea/mgmt/master.svg?style=flat-square)](http://travis-ci.org/purpleidea/mgmt)
-[![GoDoc](https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-5272B4.svg?style=flat-square)](https://godoc.org/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt)
-[![IRC](https://img.shields.io/badge/irc-%23mgmtconfig-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/workflows/.github/workflows/test.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/actions/)
+[![GoDoc](https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-5272B4.svg?style=flat-square)](https://godocs.io/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt)
+[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/matrix-%23mgmtconfig-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](https://matrix.to/#/#mgmtconfig:matrix.org)
+[![IRC](https://img.shields.io/badge/irc-%23mgmtconfig-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
 [![Patreon](https://img.shields.io/badge/patreon-donate-yellow.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.patreon.com/purpleidea)
 [![Liberapay](https://img.shields.io/badge/liberapay-donate-yellow.svg?style=flat-square)](https://liberapay.com/purpleidea/donate)
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ ensure that your file server is set to read-only when it's friday.
 import "datetime"
 $is_friday = datetime.weekday(datetime.now()) == "friday"
 file "/srv/files/" {
-	state => "exists",
+	state => $const.res.file.state.exists,
 	mode => if $is_friday { # this updates the mode, the instant it changes!
 		"0550"
 	} else {
@@ -65,11 +66,11 @@ Come join us in the `mgmt` community!
 
 | Medium | Link |
 |---|---|
-| IRC | [#mgmtconfig](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#mgmtconfig) on Freenode |
+| Matrix | [#mgmtconfig](https://matrix.to/#/#mgmtconfig:matrix.org) on Matrix.org |
+| IRC | [#mgmtconfig](https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#mgmtconfig) on Libera.Chat |
 | Twitter | [@mgmtconfig](https://twitter.com/mgmtconfig) & [#mgmtconfig](https://twitter.com/hashtag/mgmtconfig) |
-| Mailing list | [mgmtconfig-list@redhat.com](https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/mgmtconfig-list) |
+| Mailing list | [looking for a new home, suggestions welcome](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/freedesktop/freedesktop/-/issues/1082) |
 | Patreon | [purpleidea](https://www.patreon.com/purpleidea) on Patreon |
-| Liberapay | [purpleidea](https://liberapay.com/purpleidea/donate) on Liberapay |
 
 ## Status:
 
@@ -97,8 +98,9 @@ Please read, enjoy and help improve our documentation!
 | [style guide](docs/style-guide.md) | for mgmt developers |
 | [godoc API reference](https://godoc.org/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt) | for mgmt developers |
 | [prometheus guide](docs/prometheus.md) | for everyone |
-| [puppet guide](docs/puppet-guide.md) | for puppet sysadmins |
 | [development](docs/development.md) | for mgmt developers |
+| [videos](docs/on-the-web.md) | for everyone |
+| [blogs](docs/on-the-web.md) | for everyone |
 
 ## Questions:
 
@@ -107,12 +109,13 @@ If you have a well phrased question that might benefit others, consider asking
 it by sending a patch to the [FAQ](docs/faq.md) section. I'll merge your
 question, and a patch with the answer!
 
-## Roadmap:
+## Get involved:
 
 Feel free to grab one of the straightforward [#mgmtlove](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
 issues if you're a first time contributor to the project or if you're unsure
 about what to hack on! Please get involved by working on one of these items or
-by suggesting something else!
+by suggesting something else! There are some lower priority issues and harder
+issues available in our [TODO](TODO.md) file. Please have a look.
 
 ## Bugs:
 
@@ -126,6 +129,6 @@ We'd love to have your patches! Please send them by email, or as a pull request.
 
 ## On the web:
 
-[Read what people are saying and publishing about mgmt!](docs/on-the-web.md)
+[Blog posts and recorded talks about mgmt are listed here!](docs/on-the-web.md)
 
 Happy hacking!

TODO.md

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 # TODO
 
-If you're looking for something to do, look here!
-Let us know if you're working on one of the items.
-If you'd like something to work on, ping @purpleidea and I'll create an issue
-tailored especially for you! Just let me know your approximate golang skill
-level and how many hours you'd like to spend on the patch.
+Here is a TODO list of longstanding items that are either lower-priority, or
+more involved in terms of time, skill-level, and/or motivation.
+
+Please have a look, and let us know if you're working on one of the items. It's
+best to open an issue to track your progress and to discuss any implementation
+questions you might have.
+
+Lastly, if you'd like something different to work on, please ping @purpleidea
+and I'll create an issue tailored especially for your approximate golang skill
+level and available time commitment in terms of hours you'd need to spend on the
+patch.
+
+Happy Hacking!
 
 ## Package resource
 
@@ -19,7 +27,7 @@ level and how many hours you'd like to spend on the patch.
 
 ## Svc resource
 
-- [ ] base resource improvements
+- [ ] refreshonly support [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues/464)
 
 ## Exec resource
 
@@ -33,33 +41,14 @@ level and how many hours you'd like to spend on the patch.
 
 - [ ] automatic edges to file resource [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
 
-## Virt (libvirt) resource
-
-- [ ] base resource improvements [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
-
-## Net (systemd-networkd) resource
-
-- [ ] base resource
-
-## Nspawn (systemd-nspawn) resource
-
-- [ ] base resource [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
-
-## Mount (systemd-mount) resource
-
-- [ ] base resource [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
-
-## Cron (systemd-timer) resource
-
-- [ ] base resource [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
-
 ## Http resource
 
 - [ ] base resource [:heart:](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/labels/mgmtlove)
 
 ## Etcd improvements
 
-- [ ] fix embedded etcd master race
+- [ ] fix etcd race bug that only happens during CI testing (intermittently
+failing test case issue)
 
 ## Torrent/dht file transfer
 
@@ -69,17 +58,33 @@ level and how many hours you'd like to spend on the patch.
 
 - [ ] base plumbing
 
+## Resource improvements
+
+- [ ] more reversible resources implemented
+- [ ] more "cloud" resources
+
 ## Language improvements
 
 - [ ] more core functions
 - [ ] automatic language formatter, ala `gofmt`
 - [ ] gedit/gnome-builder/gtksourceview syntax highlighting
 - [ ] vim syntax highlighting
-- [x] emacs syntax highlighting: see `misc/emacs/`
+- [ ] emacs syntax highlighting: see `misc/emacs/` (needs updating)
+- [ ] exposed $error variable for feedback in the language
+- [ ] improve the printf function to add %[]s, %[]f ([]str, []float) and map,
+struct, nested etc... %v would be nice too!
+- [ ] add line/col/file annotations to AST so we can get locations of errors
+that the parser finds
+- [ ] add more error messages with the `%error` pattern in parser.y
+- [ ] we should have helper functions or language sugar to pull a field out of a
+struct, or a value out of a map, or an index out of a list, etc...
+
+## Engine improvements
+
+- [ ] add a "waiting for func" message in the func engine to notify the user
+about slow functions...
 
 ## Other
 
-- [ ] better error/retry handling
-- [ ] deb package target in Makefile
 - [ ] reproducible builds
 - [ ] add your suggestions!

Vagrantfile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
 	config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
 
 	config.vm.define "mgmt-dev" do |instance|
-		instance.vm.box = "fedora/28-cloud-base"
+		instance.vm.box = "bento/fedora-31"
 	end
 
 	config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
 	config.vm.provision "file", source: "vagrant/mgmt.bashrc", destination: ".mgmt.bashrc"
 	config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.gitconfig", destination: ".gitconfig"
 
-	# copied from make-deps.sh (with added git)
-	config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "dnf install -y libvirt-devel golang golang-googlecode-tools-stringer hg git make gem"
+	config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "dnf install -y golang git make"
 
 	# set up packagekit
 	config.vm.provision "shell" do |shell|
@@ -39,8 +38,10 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
 	script = <<-SCRIPT
 		grep -q 'mgmt\.bashrc' ~/.bashrc || echo '. ~/.mgmt.bashrc' >>~/.bashrc
 		. ~/.mgmt.bashrc
-		go get -u github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
-		cd ~/gopath/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
+		mkdir -p ~/gopath/src/github.com/purpleidea
+		cd ~/gopath/src/github.com/purpleidea
+		git clone https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt --recursive
+		cd mgmt
 		make deps
 	SCRIPT
 	config.vm.provision "shell" do |shell|

bindata/Makefile

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-# Mgmt
-# Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
-# Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-# The bindata target generates go files from any source defined below. To use
-# the files, import the generated "bindata" package and use:
-# `bytes, err := bindata.Asset("FILEPATH")`
-# where FILEPATH is the path of the original input file relative to `bindata/`.
-# To get a list of files stored in this "bindata" package, you can use:
-# `paths := bindata.AssetNames()` and `paths, err := bindata.AssetDir(name)`
-# to get a list of files with a directory prefix.
-
-.PHONY: build clean
-default: build
-
-build: bindata.go
-
-# add more input files as dependencies at the end here...
-bindata.go: ../COPYING
-	@echo "Generating: bindata..."
-	# go-bindata --pkg bindata -o <OUTPUT> <INPUT>
-	go-bindata --pkg bindata -o ./$@ $^
-	# gofmt the output file
-	gofmt -s -w $@
-	@ROOT=$$(dirname "$${BASH_SOURCE}")/.. && $$ROOT/misc/header.sh '$@'
-
-clean:
-	# remove generated bindata.go
-	@ROOT=$$(dirname "$${BASH_SOURCE}")/.. && rm -f bindata.go

cli/cli.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+// Package cli handles all of the core command line parsing. It's the first
+// entry point after the real main function, and it imports and runs our core
+// "lib".
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	cliUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/cli/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+
+	"github.com/alexflint/go-arg"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if _, err := arg.NewParser(arg.Config{}, &Args{}); err != nil { // sanity check
+		panic(errwrap.Wrapf(err, "invalid args cli struct"))
+	}
+}
+
+// CLI is the entry point for using mgmt normally from the CLI.
+func CLI(ctx context.Context, data *cliUtil.Data) error {
+	// test for sanity
+	if data == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("this CLI was not run correctly")
+	}
+	if data.Program == "" || data.Version == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("program was not compiled correctly")
+	}
+	if data.Copying == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("program copyrights were removed, can't run")
+	}
+
+	args := Args{}
+	args.version = data.Version // copy this in
+	args.description = data.Tagline
+
+	config := arg.Config{
+		Program: data.Program,
+	}
+	parser, err := arg.NewParser(config, &args)
+	if err != nil {
+		// programming error
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "cli config error")
+	}
+	err = parser.Parse(data.Args[1:]) // XXX: args[0] needs to be dropped
+	if err == arg.ErrHelp {
+		parser.WriteHelp(os.Stdout)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err == arg.ErrVersion {
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", data.Version) // byon: bring your own newline
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		//parser.WriteHelp(os.Stdout) // TODO: is doing this helpful?
+		return cliUtil.CliParseError(err) // consistent errors
+	}
+
+	// display the license
+	if args.License {
+		fmt.Printf("%s", data.Copying) // file comes with a trailing nl
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if ok, err := args.Run(ctx, data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if ok { // did we activate one of the commands?
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// print help if no subcommands are set
+	parser.WriteHelp(os.Stdout)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Args is the CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result. This
+// particular struct is the top-most one.
+type Args struct {
+	// XXX: We cannot have both subcommands and a positional argument.
+	// XXX: I think it's a bug of this library that it can't handle argv[0].
+	//Argv0 string `arg:"positional"`
+
+	License bool `arg:"--license" help:"display the license and exit"`
+
+	RunCmd *RunArgs `arg:"subcommand:run" help:"run code on this machine"`
+
+	DeployCmd *DeployArgs `arg:"subcommand:deploy" help:"deploy code into a cluster"`
+
+	// This never runs, it gets preempted in the real main() function.
+	// XXX: Can we do it nicely with the new arg parser? can it ignore all args?
+	EtcdCmd *EtcdArgs `arg:"subcommand:etcd" help:"run standalone etcd"`
+
+	// version is a private handle for our version string.
+	version string `arg:"-"` // ignored from parsing
+
+	// description is a private handle for our description string.
+	description string `arg:"-"` // ignored from parsing
+}
+
+// Version returns the version string. Implementing this signature is part of
+// the API for the cli library.
+func (obj *Args) Version() string {
+	return obj.version
+}
+
+// Description returns a description string. Implementing this signature is part
+// of the API for the cli library.
+func (obj *Args) Description() string {
+	return obj.description
+}
+
+// Run executes the correct subcommand. It errors if there's ever an error. It
+// returns true if we did activate one of the subcommands. It returns false if
+// we did not. This information is used so that the top-level parser can return
+// usage or help information if no subcommand activates.
+func (obj *Args) Run(ctx context.Context, data *cliUtil.Data) (bool, error) {
+	if cmd := obj.RunCmd; cmd != nil {
+		return cmd.Run(ctx, data)
+	}
+
+	if cmd := obj.DeployCmd; cmd != nil {
+		return cmd.Run(ctx, data)
+	}
+
+	// NOTE: we could return true, fmt.Errorf("...") if more than one did
+	return false, nil // nobody activated
+}
+
+// EtcdArgs is the CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result. This
+// particular one is empty because the `etcd` subcommand is preempted in the
+// real main() function.
+type EtcdArgs struct{}

cli/deploy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+
+	cliUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/cli/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/etcd/client"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/etcd/deployer"
+	etcdfs "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/etcd/fs"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/gapi"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lib"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+
+	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
+// DeployArgs is the CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result. This
+// particular one contains all the common flags for the `deploy` subcommand
+// which all frontends can use.
+type DeployArgs struct {
+	Seeds []string `arg:"--seeds,env:MGMT_SEEDS" help:"default etc client endpoint"`
+	Noop  bool     `arg:"--noop" help:"globally force all resources into no-op mode"`
+	Sema  int      `arg:"--sema" default:"-1" help:"globally add a semaphore to all resources with this lock count"`
+	NoGit bool     `arg:"--no-git" help:"don't look at git commit id for safe deploys"`
+	Force bool     `arg:"--force" help:"force a new deploy, even if the safety chain would break"`
+
+	DeployEmpty *cliUtil.EmptyArgs `arg:"subcommand:empty" help:"deploy empty payload"`
+	DeployLang  *cliUtil.LangArgs  `arg:"subcommand:lang" help:"deploy lang (mcl) payload"`
+	DeployYaml  *cliUtil.YamlArgs  `arg:"subcommand:yaml" help:"deploy yaml graph payload"`
+}
+
+// Run executes the correct subcommand. It errors if there's ever an error. It
+// returns true if we did activate one of the subcommands. It returns false if
+// we did not. This information is used so that the top-level parser can return
+// usage or help information if no subcommand activates. This particular Run is
+// the run for the main `deploy` subcommand. This always requires a frontend to
+// deploy to the cluster, but if you don't want a graph, you can use the `empty`
+// frontend. The engine backend is agnostic to which frontend is deployed, in
+// fact, you can deploy with multiple different frontends, one after another, on
+// the same engine.
+func (obj *DeployArgs) Run(ctx context.Context, data *cliUtil.Data) (bool, error) {
+	var name string
+	var args interface{}
+	if cmd := obj.DeployEmpty; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "empty"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+	if cmd := obj.DeployLang; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "lang"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+	if cmd := obj.DeployYaml; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "yaml"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+
+	// XXX: workaround https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/239
+	gapiNames := gapi.Names() // list of registered names
+	if l := len(obj.Seeds); name == "" && l > 1 {
+		elem := obj.Seeds[l-2] // second to last element
+		if util.StrInList(elem, gapiNames) {
+			return false, cliUtil.CliParseError(cliUtil.MissingEquals) // consistent errors
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn, exists := gapi.RegisteredGAPIs[name]
+	if !exists {
+		return false, nil // did not activate
+	}
+	gapiObj := fn()
+
+	program, version := data.Program, data.Version
+	Logf := func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+		data.Flags.Logf("deploy: "+format, v...)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: consider adding a timeout based on an args.Timeout flag ?
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(ctx, os.Interrupt)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cliUtil.Hello(program, version, data.Flags) // say hello!
+	defer Logf("goodbye!")
+
+	var hash, pHash string
+	if !obj.NoGit {
+		wd, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not get current working directory")
+		}
+		repo, err := git.PlainOpen(wd)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not open git repo")
+		}
+
+		head, err := repo.Head()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not read git HEAD")
+		}
+
+		hash = head.Hash().String() // current commit id
+		Logf("hash: %s", hash)
+
+		lo := &git.LogOptions{
+			From: head.Hash(),
+		}
+		commits, err := repo.Log(lo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not read git log")
+		}
+		if _, err := commits.Next(); err != nil { // skip over HEAD
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not read HEAD in git log") // weird!
+		}
+		commit, err := commits.Next()
+		if err == nil { // errors are okay, we might be empty
+			pHash = commit.Hash.String() // previous commit id
+		}
+		Logf("previous deploy hash: %s", pHash)
+		if obj.Force {
+			pHash = "" // don't check this :(
+		}
+		if hash == "" {
+			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not get git deploy hash")
+		}
+	}
+
+	uniqueid := uuid.New() // panic's if it can't generate one :P
+
+	etcdClient := client.NewClientFromSeedsNamespace(
+		obj.Seeds, // endpoints
+		lib.NS,
+	)
+	if err := etcdClient.Init(); err != nil {
+		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "client Init failed")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		err := errwrap.Wrapf(etcdClient.Close(), "client Close failed")
+		if err != nil {
+			// TODO: cause the final exit code to be non-zero
+			Logf("client cleanup error: %+v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	simpleDeploy := &deployer.SimpleDeploy{
+		Client: etcdClient,
+		Debug:  data.Flags.Debug,
+		Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+			Logf("deploy: "+format, v...)
+		},
+	}
+	if err := simpleDeploy.Init(); err != nil {
+		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "deploy Init failed")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		err := errwrap.Wrapf(simpleDeploy.Close(), "deploy Close failed")
+		if err != nil {
+			// TODO: cause the final exit code to be non-zero
+			Logf("deploy cleanup error: %+v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// get max id (from all the previous deploys)
+	max, err := simpleDeploy.GetMaxDeployID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error getting max deploy id")
+	}
+	// find the latest id
+	var id = max + 1 // next id
+	Logf("previous max deploy id: %d", max)
+
+	etcdFs := &etcdfs.Fs{
+		Client: etcdClient,
+		// TODO: using a uuid is meant as a temporary measure, i hate them
+		Metadata:   lib.MetadataPrefix + fmt.Sprintf("/deploy/%d-%s", id, uniqueid),
+		DataPrefix: lib.StoragePrefix,
+
+		Debug: data.Flags.Debug,
+		Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+			Logf("fs: "+format, v...)
+		},
+	}
+
+	info := &gapi.Info{
+		Args: args,
+		Flags: &gapi.Flags{
+			Noop: obj.Noop,
+			Sema: obj.Sema,
+			//Update: obj.Update,
+		},
+
+		Fs:    etcdFs,
+		Debug: data.Flags.Debug,
+		Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+			// TODO: is this a sane prefix to use here?
+			data.Flags.Logf("cli: "+format, v...)
+		},
+	}
+
+	deploy, err := gapiObj.Cli(info)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, cliUtil.CliParseError(err) // consistent errors
+	}
+	if deploy == nil { // not used
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("not enough information specified")
+	}
+
+	// redundant
+	deploy.Noop = obj.Noop
+	deploy.Sema = obj.Sema
+
+	str, err := deploy.ToB64()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "encoding error")
+	}
+
+	// this nominally checks the previous git hash matches our expectation
+	if err := simpleDeploy.AddDeploy(ctx, id, hash, pHash, &str); err != nil {
+		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not create deploy id `%d`", id)
+	}
+	Logf("success, id: %d", id)
+	return true, nil
+}

cli/run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	cliUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/cli/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/gapi"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lib"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+)
+
+// RunArgs is the CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result. This
+// particular one contains all the common flags for the `run` subcommand which
+// all frontends can use.
+type RunArgs struct {
+	lib.Config // embedded config (can't be a pointer) https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/240
+
+	RunEmpty *cliUtil.EmptyArgs `arg:"subcommand:empty" help:"run empty payload"`
+	RunLang  *cliUtil.LangArgs  `arg:"subcommand:lang" help:"run lang (mcl) payload"`
+	RunYaml  *cliUtil.YamlArgs  `arg:"subcommand:yaml" help:"run yaml graph payload"`
+}
+
+// Run executes the correct subcommand. It errors if there's ever an error. It
+// returns true if we did activate one of the subcommands. It returns false if
+// we did not. This information is used so that the top-level parser can return
+// usage or help information if no subcommand activates. This particular Run is
+// the run for the main `run` subcommand. This always requires a frontend to
+// start the engine, but if you don't want a graph, you can use the `empty`
+// frontend. The engine backend is agnostic to which frontend is running, in
+// fact, you can deploy with multiple different frontends, one after another, on
+// the same engine.
+func (obj *RunArgs) Run(ctx context.Context, data *cliUtil.Data) (bool, error) {
+	var name string
+	var args interface{}
+	if cmd := obj.RunEmpty; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "empty"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+	if cmd := obj.RunLang; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "lang"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+	if cmd := obj.RunYaml; cmd != nil {
+		name = cliUtil.LookupSubcommand(obj, cmd) // "yaml"
+		args = cmd
+	}
+
+	// XXX: workaround https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/239
+	lists := [][]string{
+		obj.Seeds,
+		obj.ClientURLs,
+		obj.ServerURLs,
+		obj.AdvertiseClientURLs,
+		obj.AdvertiseServerURLs,
+	}
+	gapiNames := gapi.Names() // list of registered names
+	for _, list := range lists {
+		if l := len(list); name == "" && l > 1 {
+			elem := list[l-2] // second to last element
+			if util.StrInList(elem, gapiNames) {
+				return false, cliUtil.CliParseError(cliUtil.MissingEquals) // consistent errors
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn, exists := gapi.RegisteredGAPIs[name]
+	if !exists {
+		return false, nil // did not activate
+	}
+	gapiObj := fn()
+
+	main := &lib.Main{}
+	main.Config = &obj.Config // pass in all the parsed data
+
+	main.Program, main.Version = data.Program, data.Version
+	main.Debug, main.Logf = data.Flags.Debug, data.Flags.Logf // no prefix
+	Logf := func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+		data.Flags.Logf("main: "+format, v...)
+	}
+
+	cliUtil.Hello(main.Program, main.Version, data.Flags) // say hello!
+	defer Logf("goodbye!")
+
+	// create a memory backed temporary filesystem for storing runtime data
+	mmFs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
+	afs := &afero.Afero{Fs: mmFs} // wrap so that we're implementing ioutil
+	standaloneFs := &util.AferoFs{Afero: afs}
+	main.DeployFs = standaloneFs
+
+	info := &gapi.Info{
+		Args: args,
+		Flags: &gapi.Flags{
+			Hostname: obj.Hostname,
+			Noop:     obj.Noop,
+			Sema:     obj.Sema,
+			//Update: obj.Update,
+		},
+
+		Fs:    standaloneFs,
+		Debug: data.Flags.Debug,
+		Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+			data.Flags.Logf("cli: "+format, v...)
+		},
+	}
+
+	deploy, err := gapiObj.Cli(info)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, cliUtil.CliParseError(err) // consistent errors
+	}
+
+	if cmd := obj.RunLang; cmd != nil && cmd.OnlyUnify && deploy == nil {
+		return true, nil // we end early
+	}
+	if cmd := obj.RunLang; cmd != nil && cmd.OnlyDownload && deploy == nil {
+		return true, nil // we end early
+	}
+	main.Deploy = deploy
+	if main.Deploy == nil {
+		// nobody activated, but we'll still watch the etcd deploy chan,
+		// and if there is deployed code that's ready to run, we'll run!
+		data.Flags.Logf("main: no frontend selected (no GAPI activated)")
+	}
+
+	if err := main.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if err := main.Init(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	// install the exit signal handler
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+	exit := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(exit)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		// must have buffer for max number of signals
+		signals := make(chan os.Signal, 3+1) // 3 * ^C + 1 * SIGTERM
+		signal.Notify(signals, os.Interrupt) // catch ^C
+		//signal.Notify(signals, os.Kill) // catch signals
+		signal.Notify(signals, syscall.SIGTERM)
+		var count uint8
+		for {
+			select {
+			case sig := <-signals: // any signal will do
+				if sig != os.Interrupt {
+					data.Flags.Logf("interrupted by signal")
+					main.Interrupt(fmt.Errorf("killed by %v", sig))
+					return
+				}
+
+				switch count {
+				case 0:
+					data.Flags.Logf("interrupted by ^C")
+					main.Exit(nil)
+				case 1:
+					data.Flags.Logf("interrupted by ^C (fast pause)")
+					main.FastExit(nil)
+				case 2:
+					data.Flags.Logf("interrupted by ^C (hard interrupt)")
+					main.Interrupt(nil)
+				}
+				count++
+
+			case <-exit:
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	reterr := main.Run()
+	if reterr != nil {
+		// log the error message returned
+		if data.Flags.Debug {
+			data.Flags.Logf("main: %+v", reterr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := main.Close(); err != nil {
+		if data.Flags.Debug {
+			data.Flags.Logf("main: Close: %+v", err)
+		}
+		if reterr == nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, err)
+	}
+
+	if reterr != nil {
+		return false, reterr
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}

cli/util/args.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package util
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// LookupSubcommand returns the name of the subcommand in the obj, of a struct.
+// This is useful for determining the name of the subcommand that was activated.
+// It returns an empty string if a specific name was not found.
+func LookupSubcommand(obj interface{}, st interface{}) string {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
+	if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr { // max one de-referencing
+		val = val.Elem()
+	}
+
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(st) // value of the struct
+	typ := val.Type()
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := val.Field(i) // value of the field
+		if f.Interface() != v.Interface() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		field := typ.Field(i)
+		alias, ok := field.Tag.Lookup("arg")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// XXX: `arg` needs a split by comma first or fancier parsing
+		prefix := "subcommand"
+		split := strings.Split(alias, ":")
+		if len(split) != 2 || split[0] != prefix {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return split[1] // found
+	}
+	return "" // not found
+}
+
+// EmptyArgs is the empty CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result.
+type EmptyArgs struct{}
+
+// LangArgs is the lang CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result.
+type LangArgs struct {
+	// Input is the input mcl code or file path or any input specification.
+	Input string `arg:"positional,required"`
+
+	// TODO: removed (temporarily?)
+	//Stdin bool `arg:"--stdin" help:"use passthrough stdin"`
+
+	Download     bool `arg:"--download" help:"download any missing imports"`
+	OnlyDownload bool `arg:"--only-download" help:"stop after downloading any missing imports"`
+	Update       bool `arg:"--update" help:"update all dependencies to the latest versions"`
+
+	OnlyUnify          bool     `arg:"--only-unify" help:"stop after type unification"`
+	SkipUnify          bool     `arg:"--skip-unify" help:"skip type unification"`
+	UnifySolver        *string  `arg:"--unify-name" help:"pick a specific unification solver"`
+	UnifyOptimizations []string `arg:"--unify-optimizations" help:"list of unification optimizations to request (experts only)"`
+
+	Depth int `arg:"--depth" default:"-1" help:"max recursion depth limit (-1 is unlimited)"`
+
+	// The default of 0 means any error is a failure by default.
+	Retry int `arg:"--depth" help:"max number of retries (-1 is unlimited)"`
+
+	ModulePath string `arg:"--module-path,env:MGMT_MODULE_PATH" help:"choose the modules path (absolute)"`
+}
+
+// YamlArgs is the yaml CLI parsing structure and type of the parsed result.
+type YamlArgs struct {
+	// Input is the input yaml code or file path or any input specification.
+	Input string `arg:"positional,required"`
+}

cli/util/hello.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package util
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Hello is a simple helper function to print a hello message and time.
+func Hello(program, version string, flags Flags) {
+	var start = time.Now().UnixNano()
+	if program == "" {
+		program = "<unknown>"
+	}
+	fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("This is: %s, version: %s", program, version))
+	fmt.Println("Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors")
+	fmt.Println("Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors")
+	flags.Logf("main: start: %v", start)
+}

cli/util/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+// Package util has some CLI related utility code.
+package util
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+)
+
+// Error is a constant error type that implements error.
+type Error string
+
+// Error fulfills the error interface of this type.
+func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
+const (
+	// MissingEquals means we probably hit the parsing bug.
+	// XXX: see: https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/239
+	MissingEquals = Error("missing equals sign for list element")
+)
+
+// CliParseError returns a consistent error if we have a CLI parsing issue.
+func CliParseError(err error) error {
+	return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "cli parse error")
+}
+
+// Flags are some constant flags which are used throughout the program.
+type Flags struct {
+	Debug bool // add additional log messages
+	Logf  func(format string, v ...interface{})
+}
+
+// Data is a struct of values that we usually pass to the main CLI function.
+type Data struct {
+	Program string
+	Version string
+	Copying string
+	Tagline string
+	Flags   Flags
+	Args    []string // os.Args usually
+}
+
+// SafeProgram returns the correct program string when given a buggy variant.
+func SafeProgram(program string) string {
+	// FIXME: in sub commands, the cli package appends a space and the sub
+	// command name at the end. hack around this by only using the first bit
+	// see: https://github.com/urfave/cli/issues/783 for more details...
+	split := strings.Split(program, " ")
+	program = split[0]
+	//if program == "" {
+	//	program = "<unknown>"
+	//}
+	return program
+}
+
+// LogSetup changes some of the core logger package settings.
+func LogSetup(debug bool) {
+	// TODO: Move these log package initialization steps to the top main.go?
+	logFlags := log.LstdFlags
+	if debug {
+		logFlags = logFlags + log.Lshortfile
+	}
+	logFlags = logFlags - log.Ldate // remove the date for now
+	log.SetFlags(logFlags)
+
+	log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+}

converger/converger.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 // Package converger is a facility for reporting the converged state.
 package converger
@@ -29,7 +41,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // New builds a new converger coordinator.
-func New(timeout int64) *Coordinator {
+func New(timeout int) *Coordinator {
 	return &Coordinator{
 		timeout: timeout,
 
@@ -61,7 +73,7 @@ func New(timeout int64) *Coordinator {
 type Coordinator struct {
 	// timeout must be zero (instant) or greater seconds to run. If it's -1
 	// then this is disabled, and we never run stateFns.
-	timeout int64
+	timeout int
 
 	// mutex is used for controlling access to status and lastid.
 	mutex *sync.RWMutex
@@ -365,7 +377,7 @@ func (obj *Coordinator) Status() map[*UID]bool {
 // Timeout returns the timeout in seconds that converger was created with. This
 // is useful to avoid passing in the timeout value separately when you're
 // already passing in the Coordinator struct.
-func (obj *Coordinator) Timeout() int64 {
+func (obj *Coordinator) Timeout() int {
 	return obj.timeout
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +387,7 @@ func (obj *Coordinator) Timeout() int64 {
 type UID struct {
 	// timeout is a copy of the main timeout. It could eventually be used
 	// for per-UID timeouts too.
-	timeout int64
+	timeout int
 	// isConverged stores the convergence state of this particular UID.
 	isConverged bool
 

converger/converger_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,9 +13,21 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package converger
 

debian/copyright

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Upstream-Name: mgmt
 Source: <https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt>
 
 Files: *
-Copyright: Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+Copyright: Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 License: GPL-3.0
 
 License: GPL-3.0
@@ -19,3 +19,15 @@ License: GPL-3.0
 
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+
+  If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+  with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+  modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+  the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+  license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+  convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+  the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+  additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+  additional permission.

doc.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 // Package main provides the main entrypoint for using the `mgmt` software.
 package main

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-FROM golang:1.9
+FROM golang:1.20
 
 MAINTAINER Michał Czeraszkiewicz <contact@czerasz.com>
 
 # Set the reset cache variable
 # Read more here: http://czerasz.com/2014/11/13/docker-tip-and-tricks/#use-refreshedat-variable-for-better-cache-control
-ENV REFRESHED_AT 2017-11-16
+ENV REFRESHED_AT 2020-09-23
 
 # Update the package list to be able to use required packages
 RUN apt-get update

docker/Dockerfile-fedora.build

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+FROM fedora:38
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="laurent.indermuehle@pm.me"
+
+ENV GOPATH=/root/gopath
+ENV PATH=/root/gopath/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/bin
+ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64
+ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib64/pkgconfig
+
+# This forces make-deps.sh to install Ragel 6.1 instead of 7.0
+ENV DOCKER=true
+
+RUN dnf -y install wget unzip git make which gcc gcc-c++ ruby golang
+
+RUN mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea
+WORKDIR $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea
+RUN git clone --recursive https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt mgmt
+WORKDIR $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
+RUN make deps
+RUN make build
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]

docker/Dockerfile.build

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ENV PATH=/opt/rh/rh-ruby22/root/usr/bin:/root/gopath/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/rh/rh-ruby22/root/usr/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
 ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/rh/rh-ruby22/root/usr/lib64/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}}
 
-RUN yum -y install epel-release wget unzip git make which centos-release-scl gcc && sed -i "s/enabled=0/enabled=1/" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo && yum -y install rh-ruby22 && wget -O /opt/go1.9.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.9.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz && tar -C /usr/local -xzf /opt/go1.9.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
+RUN yum -y install epel-release wget unzip git make which centos-release-scl gcc && sed -i "s/enabled=0/enabled=1/" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo && yum -y install rh-ruby22 && wget -O /opt/go1.20.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.20.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz && tar -C /usr/local -xzf /opt/go1.20.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz
 RUN mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea && cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea && git clone --recursive https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
 RUN go get -u gopkg.in/alecthomas/gometalinter.v1 && cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt && make deps && make build
 CMD ["/bin/bash"]

docker/Dockerfile.development

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.11
+FROM golang:1.20
 
 MAINTAINER Michał Czeraszkiewicz <contact@czerasz.com>
 
@@ -27,8 +27,5 @@ WORKDIR /home/$USER_NAME/mgmt
 # Install dependencies
 RUN make deps
 
-# Chown $GOPATH
-RUN chown -R ${USER_ID}:${GROUP_ID} /go
-
 # Change user
 USER ${USER_NAME}

docs/conf.py

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
 project = u'mgmt'
-copyright = u'2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors'
+copyright = u'2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors'
 author = u'James Shubin'
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for

docs/development.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ required for running the _test_ suite.
 
 ### Build
 
-* `golang` 1.11 or higher (required, available in some distros and distributed
+* `golang` 1.20 or higher (required, available in some distros and distributed
 as a binary officially by [golang.org](https://golang.org/dl/))
 
 ### Runtime

docs/documentation.md

@@ -122,38 +122,15 @@ entire set of running mgmt agents will need to all simultaneously converge for
 the group to exit. This is particularly useful for bootstrapping new clusters
 which need to exchange information that is only available at run time.
 
+This existed in earlier versions of mgmt as a `--remote` option, but it has been
+removed and is being ported to a more powerful variant where you can remote
+execute via a `remote` resource.
+
 #### Blog post
 
 You can read the introductory blog post about this topic here:
 [https://purpleidea.com/blog/2016/10/07/remote-execution-in-mgmt/](https://purpleidea.com/blog/2016/10/07/remote-execution-in-mgmt/)
 
-### Puppet support
-
-You can supply a Puppet manifest instead of creating the (YAML) graph manually.
-Puppet must be installed and in `mgmt`'s search path. You also need the
-[ffrank-mgmtgraph Puppet module](https://forge.puppet.com/ffrank/mgmtgraph).
-
-Invoke `mgmt` with the `--puppet` switch, which supports 3 variants:
-
-1. Request the configuration from the Puppet Master (like `puppet agent` does)
-
-	`mgmt run puppet --puppet agent`
-
-2. Compile a local manifest file (like `puppet apply`)
-
-	`mgmt run puppet --puppet /path/to/my/manifest.pp`
-
-3. Compile an ad hoc manifest from the commandline (like `puppet apply -e`)
-
-	`mgmt run puppet --puppet 'file { "/etc/ntp.conf": ensure => file }'`
-
-For more details and caveats see [puppet-guide.md](puppet-guide.md).
-
-#### Blog post
-
-An introductory post on the Puppet support is on
-[Felix's blog](http://ffrank.github.io/features/2016/06/19/puppet-powered-mgmt/).
-
 ## Reference
 
 Please note that there are a number of undocumented options. For more
@@ -250,6 +227,43 @@ integer, then that value is the max size for that semaphore. Valid semaphore
 id's include: `some_id`, `hello:42`, `not:smart:4` and `:13`. It is expected
 that the last bare example be only used by the engine to add a global semaphore.
 
+#### Rewatch
+
+Boolean. Rewatch specifies whether we re-run the Watch worker during a graph
+swap if it has errored. When doing a graph compare to swap the graphs, if this
+is true, and this particular worker has errored, then we'll remove it and add it
+back as a new vertex, thus causing it to run again. This is different from the
+`Retry` metaparam which applies during the normal execution. It is only when
+this is exhausted that we're in permanent worker failure, and only then can we
+rely on this metaparam.
+
+#### Realize
+
+Boolean. Realize ensures that the resource is guaranteed to converge at least
+once before a potential graph swap removes or changes it. This guarantee is
+useful for fast changing graphs, to ensure that the brief creation of a resource
+is seen. This guarantee does not prevent against the engine quitting normally,
+and it can't guarantee it if the resource is blocked because of a failed
+pre-requisite resource.
+*XXX: This is currently not implemented!*
+
+#### Reverse
+
+Boolean. Reverse is a property that some resources can implement that specifies
+that some "reverse" operation should happen when that resource "disappears". A
+disappearance happens when a resource is defined in one instance of the graph,
+and is gone in the subsequent one. This disappearance can happen if it was
+previously in an if statement that then becomes false.
+
+This is helpful for building robust programs with the engine. The engine adds a
+"reversed" resource to that subsequent graph to accomplish the desired "reverse"
+mechanics. The specifics of what this entails is a property of the particular
+resource that is being "reversed".
+
+It might be wise to combine the use of this meta parameter with the use of the
+`realize` meta parameter to ensure that your reversed resource actually runs at
+least once, if there's a chance that it might be gone for a while.
+
 ### Lang metadata file
 
 Any module *must* have a metadata file in its root. It must be named
@@ -323,33 +337,11 @@ collision with this globally defined semaphore. The size value must be greater
 than zero at this time. The traditional non-parallel execution found in config
 management tools such as `Puppet` can be obtained with `--sema 1`.
 
-#### `--remote <graph.yaml>`
-
-Point to a graph file to run on the remote host specified within. This parameter
-can be used multiple times if you'd like to remotely run on multiple hosts in
-parallel.
-
-#### `--allow-interactive`
-
-Allow interactive prompting for SSH passwords if there is no authentication
-method that works.
-
 #### `--ssh-priv-id-rsa`
 
 Specify the path for finding SSH keys. This defaults to `~/.ssh/id_rsa`. To
 never use this method of authentication, set this to the empty string.
 
-#### `--cconns`
-
-The maximum number of concurrent remote ssh connections to run. This defaults
-to `0`, which means unlimited.
-
-#### `--no-caching`
-
-Don't allow remote caching of the remote execution binary. This will require
-the binary to be copied over for every remote execution, but it limits the
-likelihood that there is leftover information from the configuration process.
-
 #### `--prefix <path>`
 
 Specify a path to a custom working directory prefix. This directory will get
@@ -367,8 +359,8 @@ default prefix. This can't be combined with the `--prefix` option.
 If this option is specified, we will attempt to fall back to a temporary prefix
 if the primary prefix couldn't be created. This is useful for avoiding failures
 in environments where the primary prefix may or may not be available, but you'd
-like to try. The canonical example is when running `mgmt` with `--remote` there
-might be a cached copy of the binary in the primary prefix, but in case there's
+like to try. The canonical example is when running `mgmt` with remote execution
+there might be a cached copy of the binary in the primary prefix, but if there's
 no binary available continue working in a temporary directory to avoid failure.
 
 ### Compilation options
@@ -451,7 +443,7 @@ To report any bugs, please file a ticket at: [https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt
 
 ## Authors
 
-Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 
 Please see the
 [AUTHORS](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/AUTHORS) file

docs/faq.md

@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ find a number of tutorials online.
 3. Spend between four to six hours with the [golang tour](https://tour.golang.org/).
 Skip over the longer problems, but try and get a solid overview of everything.
 If you forget something, you can always go back and repeat those parts.
-4. Connect to our [#mgmtconfig](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
-IRC channel on the [Freenode](https://freenode.net/) network. You can use any
-IRC client that you'd like, but the [hosted web portal](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
-will suffice if you don't know what else to use.
+4. Connect to our [#mgmtconfig](https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
+IRC channel on the [Libera.Chat](https://libera.chat/) network. You can use any
+IRC client that you'd like, but the [hosted web portal](https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
+will suffice if you don't know what else to use. [Here are a few suggestions for
+alternative clients.](https://libera.chat/guides/clients)
 5. Now it's time to try and starting writing a patch! We have tagged a bunch of
 [open issues as #mgmtlove](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Amgmtlove)
 for new users to have somewhere to get involved. Look through them to see if
@@ -215,16 +216,76 @@ requires a number of seconds as an argument.
 ./mgmt run lang examples/lang/hello0.mcl --converged-timeout=5
 ```
 
-### When I try to build `mgmt` I see: `no Go files in $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/bindata`.
+### Can I run `mgmt` for type-checking only?
 
-Due to the arcane way that `golang` designed its `$GOPATH`, the main project
-directory must be inside your `$GOPATH`, and at the appropriate FQDN. This is:
-`$GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/`. If you have your project root outside
-of that directory, then you may get this error when you try to build it. In this
-case there is likely a `go get` version of the project at this location. Remove
-it and replace it with your git cloned directory. In my case, I like to work on
-things in `~/code/mgmt/`, so that path is a symlink that points to the long
-project directory.
+Yes, you can, add the `--only-unify` option to the lang frontend while using the
+`run` command, and it will exit after type unification.
+
+#### Example:
+
+```
+./mgmt run --tmp-prefix lang --only-unify examples/lang/hello0.mcl
+```
+
+It will also print how long it took on either success or failure. Keep in mind
+that even if you pass type unification, an `mgmt` run can still fail later on
+for other reasons, although these are mostly runtime considerations.
+
+### Why is type unification happening twice with `mgmt run`?
+
+When you use the `run` action, it runs all of the compile time checks (including
+type unification) that are possible, and then packages everything up into a
+deployable object and runs the same mechanism that `mgmt deploy` uses, sending
+the deploy to itself. At this point, mgmt starts up as a server, and receives
+the deploy. It will then need to run type unification again before running the
+code.
+
+You can skip the first type unification check by adding the `--skip-unify`
+option to the lang frontend when using the `run` command.
+
+You can also skip this check when running the `deploy` action, but if your code
+doesn't pass, you might be deploying broken code. This is not recommended.
+
+#### Example:
+
+```
+./mgmt run --tmp-prefix lang --skip-unify examples/lang/hello0.mcl
+```
+
+### Why does my file resource error with `no such file or directory`?
+
+If you create a file resource and only specify the content like this:
+
+```
+file "/tmp/foo" {
+	content => "hello world\n",
+}
+```
+
+Then this will attempt to set the contents of that file to the desired string,
+but *only* if that file already exists. If you'd like to ensure that it also
+gets created in case it is not present, then you must also specify the state:
+
+```
+file "/tmp/foo" {
+	state => $const.res.file.state.exists,
+	content => "hello world\n",
+}
+```
+
+Similar logic applies for situations when you only specify the `mode` parameter.
+
+This all turns out to be more safe and "correct", in that it would error and
+prevent masking an error for a situation when you expected a file to already be
+at that location. It also turns out to simplify the internals significantly, and
+remove an ambiguous scenario with the reversible file resource.
+
+### Why do function names inside of templates include underscores?
+
+The golang template library which we use to implement the template() function
+doesn't support the dot notation, so we import all our normal functions, and
+just replace dots with underscores. As an example, the standard `datetime.print`
+function is shown within mcl scripts as datetime_print after being imported.
 
 ### On startup `mgmt` hangs after: `etcd: server: starting...`.
 
@@ -259,6 +320,65 @@ an instance of mgmt running, or if a related file locking issue occurred. To
 solve this, shutdown and running mgmt process, run `rm mgmt` to remove the file,
 and then get a new one by running `make` again.
 
+### Type unification error: "could not unify types: 2 unconsumed generators".
+
+Look carefully at the following code:
+
+```
+$num = 42
+print "hello" {
+	msg => "My favourite number is ${num}",
+}
+```
+
+What's actually happening is that we can't unify `str + int`, because our
+addition operator only supports `str + str`, `int + int`, and `float + float`.
+The string interpolation feature can only combine strings. One solution is to
+instead write:
+
+```
+$num = "42" # now this is a string
+print "hello" {
+	msg => "My favourite number is ${num}",
+}
+```
+
+Yes we know the compiler gives horrible error messages, and yes we would
+absolutely love your help improving this.
+
+### The run and deploy commands don't parse correctly when used with `--seeds`.
+
+If you're running a command with `--seeds`, `--server-urls`, or `--client-urls`,
+then make sure you are using an equals sign between the flag name and the value.
+For example, if you were to run:
+
+```
+# wrong invocation!
+mgmt deploy --no-git --seeds http://127.0.0.1:2379 lang code/test.mcl
+```
+
+Then the `--seeds` flag would interpret `lang` and `code/test.mcl` as additional
+seeds. This flag as well as the other aforementioned ones all accept multiple
+values. Use an equals sign to guarantee you enter the correct data, eg:
+
+```
+# better invocation! (note the equals sign)
+mgmt deploy --no-git --seeds=http://127.0.0.1:2379 lang code/test.mcl
+```
+
+This is caused by a parsing peculiarity of the CLI library that we are using.
+This is tracked upstream at: [https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/239](https://github.com/alexflint/go-arg/issues/239).
+We have a workaround in place to mitigate it and attempt to show you a helpful
+error message, but it's also documented here in the meantime. The error you will
+see is: `cli parse error: missing equals sign for list element`.
+
+### The docs speaks of `--remote` but the CLI errors out?
+
+The `--remote` flag existed in an earlier version of mgmt. It was removed and
+will be replaced with a more powerful version, which is a "remote" resource. The
+code is mostly ready but it's not finished. If you'd like to help finish it or
+sponsor the work, please let me know.
+
 ### Does this support Windows? OSX? GNU Hurd?
 
 Mgmt probably works best on Linux, because that's what most developers use for
@@ -321,6 +441,14 @@ Don't blindly use the tools that others tell you to. Learn what they do, think
 for yourself, and become a power user today! That process led us to using
 `git submodules`. Hopefully you'll come to the same conclusions that we did.
 
+**UPDATE:**
+
+After golang made it virtually impossible to build without `go.mod` stuff, we've
+switched to it since golang 1.16. I still think the above approach was better,
+and that the `go mod` tooling should have been a layer on top of git submodules
+so that we don't grow yet another lock file format, and existing folks who are
+comfortable with `git` can use those tools directly.
+
 ### Did you know that there is a band named `MGMT`?
 
 I didn't realize this when naming the project, and it is accidental. After much
@@ -334,7 +462,7 @@ which definitely existed before the band did.
 
 ### You didn't answer my question, or I have a question!
 
-It's best to ask on [IRC](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
+It's best to ask on [IRC](https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#mgmtconfig)
 to see if someone can help you. If you don't get a response from IRC, you can
 contact me through my [technical blog](https://purpleidea.com/contact/) and I'll
 do my best to help. If you have a good question, please add it as a patch to

docs/function-guide.md

@@ -37,10 +37,12 @@ available types and values in the mgmt language. It is very easy to use, and
 should be fairly intuitive. Most of what you'll need to know can be inferred
 from looking at example code.
 
-To implement a function, you'll need to create a file in
-[`lang/funcs/simple/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/simple/).
-The function should be implemented as a `FuncValue` in our type system. It is
-then registered with the engine during `init()`. An example explains it best:
+To implement a function, you'll need to create a file that imports the
+[`lang/funcs/simple/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/simple/)
+module. It should probably get created in the correct directory inside of:
+[`lang/core/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/core/). The
+function should be implemented as a `FuncValue` in our type system. It is then
+registered with the engine during `init()`. An example explains it best:
 
 ### Example
 
@@ -50,14 +52,15 @@ package simple
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/funcs/simple"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/types"
 )
 
 // you must register your functions in init when the program starts up
 func init() {
 	// Example function that squares an int and prints out answer as an str.
-	Register("talkingsquare", &types.FuncValue{
-		T: types.NewType("func(a int) str"), // declare the signature
+	simple.ModuleRegister(ModuleName, "talkingsquare", &types.FuncValue{
+		T: types.NewType("func(int) str"), // declare the signature
 		V: func(input []types.Value) (types.Value, error) {
 			i := input[0].Int() // get first arg as an int64
 			// must return the above specified value
@@ -109,15 +112,20 @@ As with the simple, non-polymorphic API, you can only implement [pure](https://e
 functions, without writing too much boilerplate code. They will be automatically
 re-evaluated as needed when their input values change.
 
-To implement a function, you'll need to create a file in
-[`lang/funcs/simplepoly/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/simplepoly/).
-The function should be implemented as a list of `FuncValue`'s in our type
-system. It is then registered with the engine during `init()`. You may also use
-the `variant` type in your type definitions. This special type will never be
-seen inside a running program, and will get converted to a concrete type if a
+To implement a function, you'll need to create a file that imports the
+[`lang/funcs/simplepoly/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/simplepoly/)
+module. It should probably get created in the correct directory inside of:
+[`lang/core/`](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/core/). The
+function should be implemented as a list of `FuncValue`'s in our type system. It
+is then registered with the engine during `init()`. You may also use the
+`variant` type in your type definitions. This special type will never be seen
+inside a running program, and will get converted to a concrete type if a
 suitable match to this signature can be found. Be warned that signatures which
 contain too many variants, or which are very general, might be hard for the
-compiler to match, and ambiguous type graphs make for user compiler errors.
+compiler to match, and ambiguous type graphs make for user compiler errors. The
+top-level type must still be a function type, it may only contain variants as
+part of its signature. It is probably more difficult to unify a function if its
+return type is a variant, as opposed to if one of its args was.
 
 An example explains it best:
 
@@ -127,11 +135,13 @@ An example explains it best:
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/types"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/funcs/simplepoly"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/types"
 )
 
 func init() {
+	// You may use the simplepoly.ModuleRegister method to register your
+	// function if it's in a module, as seen in the simple function example.
 	simplepoly.Register("len", []*types.FuncValue{
 		{
 			T: types.NewType("func([]variant) int"),
@@ -190,7 +200,7 @@ if it meets your needs. Most functions will be able to use that API. If you
 really need something more powerful, then you can use the regular function API.
 What follows are each of the method signatures and a description of each.
 
-### Default
+### Info
 
 ```golang
 Info() *interfaces.Info
@@ -229,27 +239,6 @@ use in the other methods.
 // Init runs some startup code for this function.
 func (obj *FooFunc) Init(init *interfaces.Init) error {
 	obj.init = init
-	obj.closeChan = make(chan struct{}) // shutdown signal
-	return nil
-}
-```
-
-### Close
-
-```golang
-Close() error
-```
-
-This is called to cleanup the function. It usually causes the stream to
-shutdown. Even if `Stream()` decided to shutdown early, it might still get
-called. It is usually called by the engine to tell the function to shutdown.
-
-#### Example
-
-```golang
-// Close runs some shutdown code for this function and turns off the stream.
-func (obj *FooFunc) Close() error {
-	close(obj.closeChan) // send a signal to tell the stream to close
 	return nil
 }
 ```
@@ -257,23 +246,24 @@ func (obj *FooFunc) Close() error {
 ### Stream
 
 ```golang
-Stream() error
+Stream(context.Context) error
 ```
 
 `Stream` is where the real _work_ is done. This method is started by the
 language function engine. It will run this function while simultaneously sending
-it values on the `input` channel. It will only send a complete set of input
+it values on the `Input` channel. It will only send a complete set of input
 values. You should send a value to the output channel when you have decided that
 one should be produced. Make sure to only use input values of the expected type
 as declared in the `Info` struct, and send values of the similarly declared
 appropriate return type. Failure to do so will may result in a panic and
-sadness.
+sadness. You must shutdown if the input context cancels. You must close the
+`Output` channel if you are done generating new values and/or when you shutdown.
 
 #### Example
 
 ```golang
 // Stream returns the single value that was generated and then closes.
-func (obj *FooFunc) Stream() error {
+func (obj *FooFunc) Stream(ctx context.Context) error {
 	defer close(obj.init.Output) // the sender closes
 	var result string
 	for {
@@ -290,7 +280,7 @@ func (obj *FooFunc) Stream() error {
 
 			result = fmt.Sprintf("the input is: %d", ix)
 
-		case <-obj.closeChan:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -299,7 +289,7 @@ func (obj *FooFunc) Stream() error {
 			V: result,
 		}:
 
-		case <-obj.closeChan:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
@@ -330,8 +320,6 @@ type FooFunc struct {
 	init *interfaces.Init
 
 	// this space can be used if needed
-
-	closeChan chan struct{} // shutdown signal
 }
 ```
 
@@ -354,7 +342,9 @@ method instead.
 
 ```golang
 // moduleName is already set to "math" by the math package. Do this in `init`.
-funcs.ModuleRegister(moduleName, "cos", func() interfaces.Func { return &CosFunc{} })
+funcs.ModuleRegister(moduleName, "cos", func() interfaces.Func {
+	return &CosFunc{}
+})
 ```
 
 ### Composite functions
@@ -435,6 +425,11 @@ generator to build your `FuncValue` implementations, and pass in the unique
 signature to each one as you are building them. Using a generator is a common
 technique which was mentioned previously.
 
+One obvious situation where this might occur is if your function doesn't take
+any inputs! An example `math.fortytwo()` function was implemented that
+demonstrates the use of function generators to pass the type signatures into the
+implementations.
+
 ### Where can I find more information about mgmt?
 
 Additional blog posts, videos and other material [is available!](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/on-the-web.md).

docs/index.rst

@@ -14,4 +14,3 @@ Welcome to mgmt's documentation!
    quick-start-guide
    resource-guide
    prometheus
-   puppet-guide

docs/language-guide.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ can be impossible to infer the item's type.
 
 An unordered set of unique keys of the same type and corresponding value pairs
 of another type, eg:
-`{"boiling" => 100, "freezing" => 0, "room" => "25", "house" => 22, "canada" => -30,}`.
+`{"boiling" => 100, "freezing" => 0, "room" => 25, "house" => 22, "canada" => -30,}`.
 That is to say, all of the keys must have the same type, and all of the values
 must have the same type. You can use any type for either, although it is
 probably advisable to avoid using very complex types as map keys.
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ value to use if that boolean is true. You can do this with the resource-specific
 $b = true # change me to false and then try editing the file manually
 file "/tmp/mgmt-elvis" {
 	content => $b ?: "hello world\n",
-	state => "exists",
+	state => $const.res.file.state.exists,
 }
 ```
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ send notifications. You may have multiples of these per resource, including
 multiple `Depend` lines if necessary. Each of these properties also supports the
 conditional inclusion `elvis` operator as well.
 
-For example, you may write is:
+For example, you may write:
 
 ```mcl
 $b = true # for example purposes
@@ -402,6 +402,38 @@ time.
 Recursive classes are not currently supported and it is not clear if they will
 be in the future. Discussion about this topic is welcome on the mailing list.
 
+A class names can contain colons to indicate it is nested inside of the class in
+the same scope which is named with the prefix indicated by colon separation.
+Instead of needing to repeatedly indent the child classes, we can instead prefix
+them at the definition site (where created with the class keyword) with the name
+of the parent class, followed by a colon, to get the desired embedded sugar.
+
+For example, instead of writing:
+
+```mcl
+class base() {
+	class inner() {
+		class deepest() {
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+You can instead write:
+
+```mcl
+class base() {
+}
+class base:inner() {
+}
+class base:inner:deepest() {
+}
+```
+
+Of course, you can only access any of the inner classes by first including
+(with the include keyword) a parent class, and then subsequently including the
+inner one.
+
 #### Include
 
 The `include` statement causes the previously defined class to produce the
@@ -414,6 +446,57 @@ parameters, then the same class can even be called with different signatures.
 Whether the output is useful and whether there is a unique type unification
 solution is dependent on your code.
 
+Classes can be included under a new scoped prefix by using the `as` field and an
+identifier. When used in this manner, the captured scope of the class at its
+definition site are made available in the scope of the include. Variables,
+functions, and child classes are all exported.
+
+Variables are available in the include scope:
+
+```mcl
+import "fmt"
+
+class c1 {
+	test "t1" {}	# gets pulled out
+	$x = "hello"	# gets exported
+}
+include c1 as i1
+
+test "print0" {
+	anotherstr => fmt.printf("%s", $i1.x),	# hello
+	onlyshow => ["AnotherStr",], # displays nicer
+}
+```
+
+Classes are also available in the new scope:
+
+```mcl
+import "fmt"
+class c1 {
+	test "t1" {}	# gets pulled out
+	$x = "hello"	# gets exported
+
+	class c0 {
+		test "t2" {}
+		$x = "goodbye"
+	}
+}
+include c1 as i1
+include i1.c0 as i0
+
+test "print0" {
+	anotherstr => fmt.printf("%s", $i1.x),	# hello
+	onlyshow => ["AnotherStr",], # displays nicer
+}
+test "print1" {
+	anotherstr => fmt.printf("%s", $i0.x),	# goodbye
+	onlyshow => ["AnotherStr",], # displays nicer
+}
+```
+
+Of course classes can be parameterized too, and those variables specified during
+the `include`.
+
 #### Import
 
 The `import` statement imports a scope into the specified namespace. A scope can
@@ -502,6 +585,10 @@ and can be used for other scenarios in which one statement or expression would
 be better represented by a larger AST. Most nodes in the AST simply return their
 own node address, and do not modify the AST.
 
+This stage also implements the class nesting when it finds class names with
+colons that should be nested inside of a base class. Currently this does modify
+the AST for efficiency and simplicity.
+
 #### Scope propagation
 
 Scope propagation passes the parent scope (starting with the top-level, built-in
@@ -563,11 +650,11 @@ would like to propose a more logical or performant variant.
 
 #### Function graph generation
 
-At this point we have a fully type AST. The AST must now be transformed into a
+At this point we have a fully typed AST. The AST must now be transformed into a
 directed, acyclic graph (DAG) data structure that represents the flow of data as
 necessary for everything to be reactive. Note that this graph is *different*
 from the resource graph which is produced and sent to the engine. It is just a
-coincidence that both happen to be DAG's. (You don't freak out when you see a
+coincidence that both happen to be DAG's. (You aren't surprised when you see a
 list data structure show up in more than one place, do you?)
 
 To produce this graph, each node has a `Graph` method which it can call. This
@@ -575,9 +662,8 @@ starts at the top most node, and is called down through the AST. The edges in
 the graphs must represent the individual expression values which are passed
 from node to node. The names of the edges must match the function type argument
 names which are used in the definition of the corresponding function. These
-corresponding functions must exist for each expression node and are produced by
-calling that expression's `Func` method. These are usually called by the
-function engine during function creation and validation.
+corresponding functions must exist for each expression node and are produced as
+the vertices of this returned graph. This is built for the function engine.
 
 #### Function engine creation and validation
 
@@ -677,13 +763,13 @@ one value must be produced.
 
 ```golang
 Please see the example functions in
-[lang/funcs/core/](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/core/).
+[lang/core/](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/core/).
 ```
 
 ### Stream
 
 ```golang
-Stream() error
+Stream(context.Context) error
 ```
 
 Stream is called by the function engine when it is ready for your function to
@@ -692,29 +778,14 @@ value. Failure to produce at least one value will probably cause the function
 engine to hang waiting for your output. This function must close the `Output`
 channel when it has no more values to send. The engine will close the `Input`
 channel when it has no more values to send. This may or may not influence
-whether or not you close the `Output` channel.
+whether or not you close the `Output` channel. You must shutdown if the input
+context cancels.
 
 #### Example
 
 ```golang
 Please see the example functions in
-[lang/funcs/core/](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/core/).
-```
-
-### Close
-
-```golang
-Close() error
-```
-
-Close asks the particular function to shutdown its `Stream()` function and
-return.
-
-#### Example
-
-```golang
-Please see the example functions in
-[lang/funcs/core/](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/funcs/core/).
+[lang/core/](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/tree/master/lang/core/).
 ```
 
 ### Polymorphic Function API

docs/on-the-web.md

@@ -44,3 +44,18 @@ if we missed something that you think is relevant!
 | James Shubin | blog | [Mgmt Configuration Language](https://purpleidea.com/blog/2018/02/05/mgmt-configuration-language/) |
 | James Shubin | video | [Recording from CfgMgmtCamp.eu 2018](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxObmwZDyrI) |
 | Jonathan Gold | blog | [Go Netlink and Select](https://jonathangold.ca/blog/go-netlink-and-select/) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from DevOpsDays Montreal 2018](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i38c5cooHo) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Minimalistic Languages Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/K.4.201/mgmtconfig.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Infra Management Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/UB2.252A/mgmt.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Graph Processing Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/H.1308/graph_mgmt_config.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Virtualization Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/H.2213/vai_real_time_virtualization_automation.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Containers Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/UA2.114/containers_mgmt.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM Monitoring Devroom 2019](https://video.fosdem.org/2019/UB2.252A/real_time_merging_of_config_management_and_monitoring.webm) |
+| James Shubin | blog | [Mgmt Configuration Language: Class and Include](https://purpleidea.com/blog/2019/07/26/class-and-include-in-mgmt/) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM 2020, Main Track (History)](https://video.fosdem.org/2020/Janson/automation.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM 2020, Infra Management Devroom](https://video.fosdem.org/2020/UA2.120/mgmt.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM 2020, Minimalistic Languages Devroom](https://video.fosdem.org/2020/AW1.125/mgmtconfigmore.webm) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from CfgMgmtCamp.eu 2020](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd7FAORFtsc) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from CfgMgmtCamp.eu 2023](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeRGRj8w0BU) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from FOSDEM 2024, Golang Devroom](https://video.fosdem.org/2024/ud2218a/fosdem-2024-2575-single-binary-full-stack-provisioning.mp4) |
+| James Shubin | video | [Recording from CfgMgmtCamp.eu 2024](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBt9lpGD4bc) |

docs/puppet-guide.md

@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-# Puppet guide
-
-`mgmt` can use Puppet as its source for the configuration graph.
-This document goes into detail on how this works, and lists
-some pitfalls and limitations.
-
-For basic instructions on how to use the Puppet support, see
-the [main documentation](documentation.md#puppet-support).
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-You need Puppet installed in your system. It is not important how you
-get it. On the most common Linux distributions, you can use packages
-from the OS maintainer, or upstream Puppet repositories. An alternative
-that will also work on OSX is the `puppet` Ruby gem. It also has the
-advantage that you can install any desired version in your home directory
-or any other location.
-
-Any release of Puppet's 3.x and 4.x series should be suitable for use with
-`mgmt`. Most importantly, make sure to install the `ffrank-mgmtgraph` Puppet
-module (referred to below as "the translator module").
-
-```
-puppet module install ffrank-mgmtgraph
-```
-
-Please note that the module is not required on your Puppet master (if you
-use a master/agent setup). It's needed on the machine that runs `mgmt`.
-You can install the module on the master anyway, so that it gets distributed
-to your agents through Puppet's `pluginsync` mechanism.
-
-### Testing the Puppet side
-
-The following command should run successfully and print a YAML hash on your
-terminal:
-
-```puppet
-puppet mgmtgraph print --code 'file { "/tmp/mgmt-test": ensure => present }'
-```
-
-You can use this CLI to test any manifests before handing them straight
-to `mgmt`.
-
-## Writing a suitable manifest
-
-### Unsupported attributes
-
-`mgmt` inherited its resource module from Puppet, so by and large, it's quite
-possible to express `mgmt` graphs in terms of Puppet manifests. However,
-there isn't (and likely never will be) full feature parity between the
-respective resource types. In consequence, a manifest can have semantics that
-cannot be transferred to `mgmt`.
-
-For example, at the time of writing this, the `file` type in `mgmt` had no
-notion of permissions (the file `mode`) yet. This lead to the following
-warning (among others that will be discussed below):
-
-```
-$ puppet mgmtgraph print --code 'file { "/tmp/foo": mode => "0600" }'
-Warning: cannot translate: File[/tmp/foo] { mode => "600" } (attribute is ignored)
-```
-
-This is a heads-up for the user, because the resulting `mgmt` graph will
-in fact not pass this information to the `/tmp/foo` file resource, and
-`mgmt` will ignore this file's permissions. Including such attributes in
-manifests that are written expressly for `mgmt` is not sensible and should
-be avoided.
-
-### Unsupported resources
-
-Puppet has a fairly large number of
-[built-in types](https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/type.html),
-and countless more are available through
-[modules](https://forge.puppet.com/). It's unlikely that all of them will
-eventually receive native counterparts in `mgmt`.
-
-When encountering an unknown resource, the translator module will replace
-it with an `exec` resource in its output. This resource will run the equivalent
-of a `puppet resource` command to make Puppet apply the original resource
-itself. This has quite abysmal performance, because processing such a
-resource requires the forking of at least one Puppet process (two if it
-is found to be out of sync). This comes with considerable overhead.
-On most systems, starting up any Puppet command takes several seconds.
-Compared to the split second that the actual work usually takes,
-this overhead can amount to several orders of magnitude.
-
-Avoid Puppet types that `mgmt` does not implement (yet).
-
-### Avoiding common warnings
-
-Many resource parameters in Puppet take default values. For the most part,
-the translator module just ignores them. However, there are cases in which
-Puppet will default to convenient behavior that `mgmt` cannot quite replicate.
-For example, translating a plain `file` resource will lead to a warning message:
-
-```
-$ puppet mgmtgraph print --code 'file { "/tmp/mgmt-test": }'
-Warning: File[/tmp/mgmt-test] uses the 'puppet' file bucket, which mgmt cannot do. There will be no backup copies!
-```
-
-The reason is that per default, Puppet assumes the following parameter value
-(among others)
-
-```puppet
-file { "/tmp/mgmt-test":
-	backup => 'puppet',
-}
-```
-
-To avoid this, specify the parameter explicitly:
-
-```bash
-puppet mgmtgraph print --code 'file { "/tmp/mgmt-test": backup => false }'
-```
-
-This is tedious in a more complex manifest. A good simplification is the
-following [resource default](https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/lang_defaults.html)
-anywhere on the top scope of your manifest:
-
-```puppet
-File { backup => false }
-```
-
-If you encounter similar warnings from other types and/or parameters,
-use the same approach to silence them if possible.
-
-## Configuring Puppet
-
-Since `mgmt` uses an actual Puppet CLI behind the scenes, you might
-need to tweak some of Puppet's runtime options in order to make it
-do what you want. Reasons for this could be among the following:
-
-* You use the `--puppet agent` variant and need to configure
-`servername`, `certname` and other master/agent-related options.
-* You don't want runtime information to end up in the `vardir`
-that is used by your regular `puppet agent`.
-* You install specific Puppet modules for `mgmt` in a non-standard
-location.
-
-`mgmt` exposes only one Puppet option in order to allow you to
-control all of them, through its `--puppet-conf` option. It allows
-you to specify which `puppet.conf` file should be used during
-translation.
-
-```
-mgmt run puppet --puppet /opt/my-manifest.pp --puppet-conf /etc/mgmt/puppet.conf
-```
-
-Within this file, you can just specify any needed options in the
-`[main]` section:
-
-```
-[main]
-server=mgmt-master.example.net
-vardir=/var/lib/mgmt/puppet
-```
-
-## Caveats
-
-Please see the [README](https://github.com/ffrank/puppet-mgmtgraph/blob/master/README.md)
-of the translator module for the current state of supported and unsupported
-language features.
-
-You should probably make sure to always use the latest release of
-both `ffrank-mgmtgraph` and `ffrank-yamlresource` (the latter is
-getting pulled in as a dependency of the former).
-
-## Using Puppet in conjunction with the mcl lang
-
-The graph that Puppet generates for `mgmt` can be united with a graph
-that is created from native `mgmt` code in its mcl language. This is
-useful when you are in the process of replacing Puppet with mgmt. You
-can translate your custom modules into mgmt's language one by one,
-and let mgmt run the current mix.
-
-Instead of the usual `--puppet-conf` flag and argv for `puppet` and `mcl` input,
-you need to use alternative flags to make this work:
-
-* `--lp-lang` to specify the mcl input
-* `--lp-puppet` to specify the puppet input
-* `--lp-puppet-conf` to point to the optional puppet.conf file
-
-`mgmt` will derive a graph that contains all edges and vertices from
-both inputs. You essentially get two unrelated subgraphs that run in
-parallel. To form edges between these subgraphs, you have to define
-special vertices that will be merged. This works through a hard-coded
-naming scheme.
-
-### Mixed graph example 1 - No merges
-
-```mcl
-# lang
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/" { state => "present" }
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/a" { state => "present" }
-```
-
-```puppet
-# puppet
-file { "/tmp/puppet_dir": ensure => "directory" }
-file { "/tmp/puppet_dir/a": ensure => "file" }
-```
-
-These very simple inputs (including implicit edges from directory to
-respective file) result in two subgraphs that do not relate.
-
-```
-File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/] -> File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/a]
-
-File[/tmp/puppet_dir] -> File[/tmp/puppet_dir/a]
-```
-
-### Mixed graph example 2 - Merged vertex
-
-In order to have merged vertices in the resulting graph, you will
-need to include special resources and classes in the respective
-input code.
-
-* On the lang side, add `noop` resources with names starting in `puppet_`.
-* On the Puppet side, add **empty** classes with names starting in `mgmt_`.
-
-```mcl
-# lang
-noop "puppet_handover_to_mgmt" {}
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/" { state => "present" }
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/a" { state => "present" }
-
-Noop["puppet_handover_to_mgmt"] -> File["/tmp/mgmt_dir/"]
-```
-
-```puppet
-# puppet
-class mgmt_handover_to_mgmt {}
-include mgmt_handover_to_mgmt
-
-file { "/tmp/puppet_dir": ensure => "directory" }
-file { "/tmp/puppet_dir/a": ensure => "file" }
-
-File["/tmp/puppet_dir/a"] -> Class["mgmt_handover_to_mgmt"]
-```
-
-The new `noop` resource is merged with the new class, resulting in
-the following graph:
-
-```
-File[/tmp/puppet_dir] -> File[/tmp/puppet_dir/a]
-				|
-				V
-		Noop[handover_to_mgmt]
-			|
-			V
-	File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/] -> File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/a]
-```
-
-You put all your ducks in a row, and the resources from the Puppet input
-run before those from the mcl input.
-
-**Note:** The names of the `noop` and the class must be identical after the
-respective prefix. The common part (here, `handover_to_mgmt`) becomes the name
-of the merged resource.
-
-## Mixed graph example 3 - Multiple merges
-
-In most scenarios, it will not be possible to define a single handover
-point like in the previous example. For example, if some Puppet resources
-need to run in between two stages of native resources, you need at least
-two merged vertices:
-
-```mcl
-# lang
-noop "puppet_handover" {}
-noop "puppet_handback" {}
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/" { state => "present" }
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/a" { state => "present" }
-file "/tmp/mgmt_dir/puppet_subtree/state-file" { state => "present" }
-
-File["/tmp/mgmt_dir/"] -> Noop["puppet_handover"]
-Noop["puppet_handback"] -> File["/tmp/mgmt_dir/puppet_subtree/state-file"]
-```
-
-```puppet
-# puppet
-class mgmt_handover {}
-class mgmt_handback {}
-
-include mgmt_handover, mgmt_handback
-
-class important_stuff {
-	file { "/tmp/mgmt_dir/puppet_subtree":
-		ensure => "directory"
-	}
-	# ...
-}
-
-Class["mgmt_handover"] -> Class["important_stuff"] -> Class["mgmt_handback"]
-```
-
-The resulting graph looks roughly like this:
-
-```
-File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/] -> File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/a]
-	|
-	V
-Noop[handover] -> ( class important_stuff resources )
-			|
-			V
-		Noop[handback]
-			|
-			V
-File[/tmp/mgmt_dir/puppet_subtree/state-file]
-```
-
-You can add arbitrary numbers of merge pairs to your code bases,
-with relationships as needed. From our limited experience, code
-readability suffers quite a lot from these, however. We advise
-to keep these structures simple.

docs/quick-start-guide.md

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ to build your own.
 
 ### Downloading a pre-built release:
 
+This method is not recommended because those packages are now very old.
+
 The latest releases can be found [here](https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/).
 An alternate mirror is available [here](https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/).
 
@@ -37,13 +39,13 @@ You'll need some dependencies, including `golang`, and some associated tools.
 
 #### Installing golang
 
-* You need golang version 1.11 or greater installed.
+* You need golang version 1.20 or greater installed.
 	* To install on rpm style systems: `sudo dnf install golang`
 	* To install on apt style systems: `sudo apt install golang`
 	* To install on macOS systems install [Homebrew](https://brew.sh)
 	and run: `brew install go`
 * You can run `go version` to check the golang version.
-* If your distro is tool old, you may need to [download](https://golang.org/dl/)
+* If your distro is too old, you may need to [download](https://golang.org/dl/)
 a newer golang version.
 
 #### Setting up golang
@@ -63,13 +65,11 @@ export GOPATH=$HOME/gopath
 
 #### Getting the mgmt code and associated dependencies
 
-* Download the `mgmt` code into the `GOPATH`, and switch to that directory:
+* Download the `mgmt` code and switch to that directory:
 
 ```shell
-[ -z "$GOPATH" ] && mkdir ~/go/ || mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/
-cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/ || cd ~/go/
-git clone --recursive https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/
-cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/ || cd ~/go/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/
+git clone --recursive https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/ ~/mgmt/
+cd ~/mgmt/
 ```
 
 * Add `$GOPATH/bin` to `$PATH`
@@ -97,6 +97,21 @@ At the moment we have:
 Please contribute more and help improve these! We'd especially like to see a
 Debian package!
 
+### Building from a container:
+
+This method avoids polluting your workstation with the dependencies for the
+build. Here is an example using Fedora, Podman and Buildah:
+
+```shell
+git clone --recursive https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/ ~/mgmt/
+cd ~/mgmt/docker
+buildah build -f Dockerfile-fedora.build -t mgmt_build
+podman run -d -it --name mgmt_build localhost/mgmt_build
+podman cp mgmt_build:/src/github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/mgmt /tmp/mgmt
+sudo mv /tmp/mgmt /usr/local/bin  # be sure this is in your $PATH
+sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/mgmt
+```
+
 ## Running mgmt
 
 * Run `mgmt run --tmp-prefix lang examples/lang/hello0.mcl` to try out a very

docs/release-notes/0.0.10

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.10 of mgmt!
+
+NEWS
+
+57 files changed, 1991 insertions(+), 752 deletions(-)
+
+* There's a new resource called `KV`. Short examples exist, but I
+haven't yet published a whole integration showing the usefulness.
+
+* A major race was fixed. The issue of what to do with BackPokes during
+start/pause was never previously solved. I had this as an open issue on
+my whiteboard for a while, and I finally got some time to work through
+it. The answer wasn't that difficult, but I think it was shrouded in
+some tunnel vision. See the commit messages and source comments for the
+details.
+
+* The GAPI grew four new associated World API methods: StrWatch,
+StrGet, StrSet, StrDel, and the associated etcd backed implementations.
+These are quite useful when combined with the KV resource.
+
+* There are now P/V style counting semaphores available as metaparams.
+This is particularly cool because the implementation is (AFAIK,
+assuming no bugs) dead-lock free! This is mentioned in my recent blog
+post.
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and sorry for anything notable I left
+out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* There's a `concurrent map write` bug in the semaphore implementation
+which is fixed in git master. Since it was a race, it was only caught
+after this release was made. I should also figure out if the sema check
+should go after the BackPoke or not.
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started!
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+James Shubin, Julien Pivotto, Michael Borden.
+We had 3 unique committers since 0.0.9, and have had 30 overall.
+
+Happy hacking,
+James

docs/release-notes/0.0.11

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.11 of mgmt!
+
+NEWS
+
+ 20 files changed, 579 insertions(+), 126 deletions(-)
+
+* Added a missing mutex around the semaphore map which prevents
+occasional panics
+
+* Removed exec pollint param which is not needed because of the poll
+metaparam
+
+* Fixed a state rechecking bug in exec resource (things are faster now)
+
+* Fixed the major annoyance of exec resources receiving main's signals.
+If we would ^C the main mgmt, the child processes would receive this
+too which was incorrect.
+
+* Fixed the deadlock on resource errors. This meant that previously if
+a resource failed, we would deadlock the graph from shutting down. This
+was bad and I'm glad it's now fixed. Sorry about that!
+
+* Improved the backpoke logic to not require semaphores since we used
+to take the lock even when we were going to backpoke which was
+unnecessary.
+
+* Added fast pausing to the graph. This means that a ^C or a pause
+transition used to wait for the whole graph to roll through, but it now
+finishes after the currently running resources finish executing. Read
+the commit messages for more background here including the discussion
+about a possible Interrupt() addition to the resource API.
+
+* Prometheus support has been updated!
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and sorry for anything notable I left
+out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* We're in pretty good shape now. There are some small issues, but
+nothing major that I don't know about.
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started!
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+James Shubin, Julien Pivotto
+We had 2 unique committers since 0.0.10, and have had 30 overall.
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.12

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.12 of mgmt!
+
+Sorry if I've been more quiet than usual, I've had to focus a lot of my
+time on GlusterFS related features ($dayjob official directives) and
+work there.
+
+One goal is to try and use libmgmt to either wholly or partially re-
+implement glusterd. As a result, a lot of my upstream focus has been
+re-prioritized to features needed for that effort.
+
+I wrote a PoC called gd3: https://github.com/purpleidea/gd3
+(It has now bit-rotted compared to upstream mgmt, but is easy to fix.)
+The initial scope looks like it will be much smaller, but hopefully
+this is interesting to you too. Ping me if you'd like to help.
+
+We desperately need your contributions if we're going to get mgmt
+standalone into a MVP. To motivate you, there's some great new stuff
+that landed since 0.0.11, including:
+
+* a great new YAML parser from contributor Mildred
+
+* a huge pgraph refactor (to remove internal deps and cycles)
+
+* a great amount of new tests and testing
+
+and so much more...
+
+NEWS
+
+ 76 files changed, 7549 insertions(+), 4269 deletions(-)
+
+* The svc resource now also supports user services
+
+* There's a fabulous new yaml parser that fixes a longstanding issue in
+my original code. Try it with --yaml2. I'll remove the old one
+eventually. Thanks to contributor Mildred for this great work!
+
+* Refactored the lib/ etcd usage into the GAPI's for a cleaner main
+
+* World API grew some new methods for libmgmt users
+
+* pgraph refactor and cleanup, now it's a fairly clean standalone pkg
+
+* pgraph functions to flatten/merge in subgraphs along with examples
+
+* Giant resource refactor to hopefully make things more logical, and to
+simplify the resource API. This also introduces the mgraph struct to
+add the higher level graph knowledge outside of pgraph.
+
+* A partial implementation of a "Graph" (recursive subgraph?) resource!
+See the code for details, as help is wanted to finish this. This should
+help elucidate what the most elegant design for the mgmt core should
+be.
+
+* Send/Recv support for the exec resource as output, stdout, and stderr
+
+* GAPI improvements to support exit requests and fast pausing
+
+* AutoEdge API improvements including a fix+test for a regression
+
+* A possible fix for the possible etcd server startup race
+
+* A fun amount of new tests all over including for gometalinter
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* We fixed a bunch of stuff, and added more tests!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started!
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+James Shubin, Julien Pivotto, Mildred Ki'Lya
+We had 3 unique committers since 0.0.11, and have had 30 overall.
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.13

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.13 of mgmt!
+
+I guess this is an appropriate number for a scary October release.
+
+We recently re-licensed to the more permissive GPL. I put a lot of
+thought into it, and also wrote up a short blog post about some of the
+reasoning. It's here:
+
+https://ttboj.wordpress.com/2017/10/17/copyleft-is-dead-long-live-copyl
+eft/
+
+If you read to the end you'll also see that Red Hat is not funding my
+mgmt work anymore. This is too bad, and means I'll only have small
+amounts of personal time available to work on this. If you'd like to
+help fund my work, or know someone who'd like to, please let me know!
+
+Having said that, there's some great new stuff that landed since
+0.0.12, including:
+
+* new resources from new contributor Jonathan Gold (aws, group, user)
+
+* an HCL frontend from new contributor Chris McKenzie
+
+* polish in a number of places including in the nspawn resource
+
+and so much more... If you'd prefer to have releases more often, then
+please let me know! Lastly, the language and a number of associated
+parts are on its way. I hope to push this monster patch to git master
+before February.
+
+It's also worth mentioning that we have 17 resources now! wow.
+
+NEWS
+
+ 140 files changed, 3921 insertions(+), 848 deletions(-)
+
+* Many improvements to tests, testing and small fixes to avoid false-
+failures on travis.
+
+* golint now reports 0 issues.
+
+* An HCL frontend if you'd prefer that to the YAML. Also a great
+example of how to plug in a new frontend.
+
+* An update to golang 1.8 as the minimum version required.
+
+* Bump the etcd version to 3.2.6+ -- Looking forward to a 3.3 release
+which should probably include some patches we upstreamed.
+
+* Addition of new user and group resources. These also include a bunch
+of automatic edges.
+
+* Addition of an AWS resource! I've wanted this for a while, as it
+demonstrates nicely how event based cloud resources can fit nicely into
+our design. There's still a lot to do, and we have some suggestions for
+Amazon too. If you have a contact there, please put me in touch!
+
+* Our nspawn resource is more polished now.
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started!
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is free and friendly. You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+AdnanLFC, Arthur Mello, ChrisMcKenzie, Dennis Kliban, Ismael Puerto,
+James Shubin, Jonathan Gold, Juan Luis de Sousa-Valadas Castaño, Juan-
+Luis de Sousa-Valadas Castaño (although I suspect the last two are the
+same ;))
+
+We had 9 unique committers since 0.0.12, and have had 38 overall.
+Run 'git log 0.0.12..0.0.13' to see what has changed since 0.0.12
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.14

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.14 of mgmt!
+
+> 118 files changed, 2688 insertions(+), 974 deletions(-)
+
+There's some great new stuff that landed since
+0.0.13, including:
+
+* amazon AWS EC2 resource is now in git master.
+
+* more automatic edges from new contributor Guillaume Herail (xiu)
+
+* a move to golang 1.8 or higher
+
+and so much more... This will probably be the last release before the
+language lands in git master. It's a pretty giant patch coming :/
+
+NEWS
+
+* We're > 1k stars on GitHub now. It's a silly metric, but ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+
+* Jonathan Gold has done a lot of hard work on the AWS EC2 resource,
+and it's now in git master. There are still many things we'd like to
+do, but it's a great start on what is a *monster* resource, and
+hopefully it will inspire others to get involved.
+
+In particular, it was a great learning experience (for me in
+particular!) about how bad the EC2 golang API is. There are some
+notable design bugs we found, and if anyone from Amazon engineering
+would like to reach out to us, we'd love to provide some constructive
+ideas.
+
+* Guillaume Herail (xiu) wrote some really nice patches, and picked up
+on the autoedges API very quickly. Hopefully he'll have time to work on
+even more!
+
+* Paul Morgan sent us some nice shell fixups-- many more exist in an
+open PR that didn't make it into this release. Hopefully we'll get
+those merged by 0.0.15
+
+* Felix Frank did a few Puppet compiler fix ups. I think he's been
+refreshing his work with new resources recently...
+
+* We're looking for help writing Google, DigitalOcean, Rackspace, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+EVENTS
+
+There are a bunch of upcoming mgmt talks and events! Stay tuned for
+details in the coming email, but TL;DR: Linux Conf Australia, FOSDEM, &
+CfgMgmtCamp.eu -- from three different speakers, and including a
+hackathon too!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! Expect many new tagged #mgmtlove
+issues within the month.
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is free and friendly. You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Felix Frank, Guillaume Herail, James Shubin, Jonathan Gold,
+jonathangold, Julien Pivotto, Paul Morgan, Toshaan Bharvani
+We had 8 unique committers since 0.0.13, and have had 41 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.13..0.0.14' to see what has changed since 0.0.13
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.15

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.15 of mgmt!
+
+> 328 files changed, 29869 insertions(+), 943 deletions(-)
+
+(Yeah, that's almost 30k+ LOC)
+
+There's some great new stuff that landed since 0.0.14, including:
+
+* THE LANGUAGE (mcl)
+
+* "Deploys": a distributed way to push code into your cluster
+
+* Scheduling (as a reactive function)
+
+* Better testing
+
+* a move to etcd 3.3+ and golang 1.9+
+
+and so much more... This is a monster release. Please try out the
+language and all the other new features today :)
+
+NEWS
+
+* We released the language. Please play around with it :) It's time to
+get used to this cool new paradigm. Learn more from the...
+
+Blog post:
+https://purpleidea.com/blog/2018/02/05/mgmt-configuration-language/
+
+Video:
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxObmwZDyrI
+
+Docs:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/language-guide.md
+
+Function guide:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/function-guide.md
+
+And tons of code all over git master. Check the lang/ folder.
+
+* There is a reactive scheduler in the language. Use your imagination,
+or play around with:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/3ad7097c8aa7eab7f895aab9af22338
+c0cf82986/lang/funcs/core/schedule_polyfunc.go#L18
+
+* There is a "deploys" feature. It's not documented yet. You should
+poke around if you're curious. Consider this an early soft release.
+
+* There is a FS implementation to store files in a POSIX-like layer on
+top of etcd. It's used by deploys. It needs more tests though :)
+
+* The language grew two "simple" API's for implementing functions, so
+that new functionality can be exposed in the mgmt language.
+
+* The language grew two ways to specify edges between resources: either
+internal to the resource, or externally as standalone edges.
+
+* The language now supports optional resource parameters via the
+"elvis" operator. This keeps things type safe and avoids needing an
+"undef" or "nil" in the language. This operator also works for edge
+declarations.
+
+* New contributor Johan Bloemberg has been on fire sending patches!
+He has already made some great improvements to our Makefile for
+testing, and the addition of the env* functions in the language, with
+much more code pending in open PR's.
+
+* Initial debian packaging has been added. It now needs a maintainer to
+build, upload, and love it :)
+
+* We have an early emacs major mode for "mcl", our language.
+
+* Lots of new documentation has been added. Particularly for developers
+wanting to contribute to the project.
+
+* We're looking for help writing Google, DigitalOcean, Rackspace, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many new tagged #mgmtlove issues were tagged:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved.
+This is free and friendly. You get to improve your skills,
+and we get
+some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Carsten Thiel, dsx, James Shubin, Joe Julian, Johan Bloemberg, Jonathan
+Gold, jonathangold, karimb, Oliver Frommel, Peter Oliver, Toshaan
+Bharvani, Wim
+We had 12 unique committers since 0.0.14, and have had 48 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.14..0.0.15' to see what has changed since 0.0.14
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.16

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.16 of mgmt!
+
+> 220 files changed, 14243 insertions(+), 9491 deletions(-)
+
+Woo...
+
+There's some great new stuff that landed since 0.0.15, including:
+
+* A giant engine re-write! (Makes resource writing more elegant too.)
+
+* New resources!!
+
+* New language features!!!
+
+and so much more... This is a monster release. Please try out the new
+features today :)
+
+NEWS
+
+* New resources include: net, mount and docker:container. Jonathan was
+responsible for all of these. Please take them for a spin! He's looking
+for a job too, and would probably be happy to get paid to work on mgmt.
+
+* We're > 1.5k stars on GitHub now. It's a silly metric, but ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+
+* A giant engine refactoring/re-write was done. This cleaned up the
+code significantly, and made it more elegant to write resources.
+Unfortunately there is one small bug that I missed and that I haven't
+fixed yet. It rarely happens except during some of our tests during
+shutdown, which causes intermittent failures. It shouldn't block you
+playing with mgmt.
+
+* The language "class" and "include" statements have been added. These
+are important pieces for writing reusable modules which are coming
+soon. Try them out! (This comes with a bunch of tests too.)
+
+* We have an integration testing framework. It's pretty cool, it spins
+up a full mgmt cluster and runs stuff. Try it out or add some tests.
+
+* I had fun fixing a big bug: 06ee05026b0c743d19c7d62675f8ddeabdc8dd4f
+
+* I removed the remote execution functionality from core. I realized it
+could be re-written as a resource, and it was also in the way from some
+other cleanups that were more important. Half the new code is done,
+ping me if this is a priority for you or you want to help.
+
+* I also removed the HCL front-end, because mcl is usable enough to be
+more fun to play with, and I wanted to refactor some code. If someone
+really wants it back, let me know.
+
+* We have some release building scripts in git master, so you can now
+download pre-built (with fpm) RPM, DEB, or PACMAN packages! They're
+signed too. https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.16
+
+* We're looking for help writing Google, DigitalOcean, Rackspace, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+MISC
+
+I took a bit of a break recently to catch up on some life stuff, but I
+think I'm back on track. While git master hasn't been especially busy,
+there's an active feature branch at feat/import which contains some fun
+stuff, with a very WIP giant patch still sitting on my machine. I hope
+to finish it up soon and then do another release. That branch contains
+one of the last big features before I'll really be ready to run mgmt on
+my personal servers!
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many new tagged #mgmtlove issues were tagged:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved.
+This is free and friendly. You get to improve your skills,
+and we get
+some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Alan Jenkins, James Shubin, jesus m. rodriguez, Jonathan Gold,
+jonathangold, Lauri Ojansivu, phaer
+We had 7 unique committers since 0.0.15, and have had 52 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.15..0.0.16' to see what has changed since 0.0.15
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.17

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.17 of mgmt!
+
+> 269 files changed, 13281 insertions(+), 1633 deletions(-)
+
+There's some very useful stuff that landed since 0.0.16, including:
+
+* Modules and import system now exists!
+* A lot of tests, fixes and a huge new test infra was added
+* Merging puppet with mcl code is now possible (madness!)
+* We made a small change to the cli UI
+* Bump to golang 1.10 (please update your environments)
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.17
+
+NEWS
+
+* One of the biggest missing features was the lack of a module/import
+system. After some initial exploration on what turned out to be a dead-
+end, I found what I think is a very elegant approach, which is now in
+this release. Please try it out, there are docs available. I hope to
+write a blog post about it soon.
+
+(There's one additional "kind" of import that I'm considering, similar
+to a macro "#include", that I might add. To be determined. Let me know
+if you find anything missing as of today.)
+
+* Felix added the first version of his mcl+puppet frontend. This should
+allow you to more cleverly merge legacy puppet environments with mcl
+code. It's fantastic, take a look.
+
+* Jonathan added a systemd-timer resource. This is a great replacement
+for cron.
+
+* We changed the CLI ui to improve the determinism of the frontend
+selection. Basically we changed from: `mgmt run --lang code.mcl` to:
+`mgmt run lang --lang code.mcl`. Remember to put --tmp-prefix after
+`run` directly where it is used.
+
+* We made a whole bunch of cleanups to the test infra, added new test
+infra for testing complex mcl modules and the import/module system, and
+of course added new tests.
+
+* You can pass a list of strings as the resource name to build that
+many resources. (Looping/iteration!)
+
+* You can specify all the metaparams and auto-* properties in mcl now.
+
+* Native mcl code can be used to write imported core code.
+
+* There was a bug that snuck into the pkg res. This has now been fixed.
+
+* A small, long-time copy+pasta error bug was fixed in Exec.
+
+* Virtually all the imports of the "log" package are at the top-level
+now. This will make moving to a new logger easier in the future. I have
+an innovative logger idea that I have a design for that I'll eventually
+get to.
+
+* A few workarounds for occasional test failures were added. Some
+legacy code needs a cleanup, and it's not done yet. Fortunately, none
+of these issues seem to occur in real-life as far as I can tell, and
+are caused by closing down mgmt at weird times.
+
+* Found a bug (now fixed) in the upstream lexer Yikes! See:
+57ce3fa587897d74634c1216af67dd42252c64e5
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many new tagged #mgmtlove issues were tagged:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Felix Frank, James Shubin, Jonathan Gold, Kevin Kuehler, Michael Lesko-
+Krleza, Tom Payne, Vincent Membré
+We had 7 unique committers since 0.0.16, and have had 56 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.16..0.0.17' to see what has changed since 0.0.16
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.18

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.18 of mgmt!
+
+> 202 files changed, 5606 insertions(+), 1880 deletions(-)
+
+There's some great stuff that landed since 0.0.17, including:
+
+* A re-write of the core engine algorithm
+* Tests are very stable
+* At least three old bugs were killed
+* An infra to write tests for individual resources was added
+
+And much more...
+
+This adds a significant amount of polish and bug fixes to mgmt. We're
+on the home stretch to MVP!
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.18
+
+NEWS
+
+* There was a rare race that would panic the engine on shutdown. This
+only seemed to happen in CPU/system call starved environments like
+travis-ci. This was due to some ignorance when writing this early part
+of the code base. The algorithm has been re-written, and this also
+removed the use of at least one mutex. Things should be stable now, and
+also much faster. (Although perf was never an issue.)
+
+* A hidden race/deadlock in the exec resource was found and killed.
+Woo! Some new tools to help find these and other problems are in misc/
+
+* The early converger code was re-written. I was not as knowledgeable
+about golang in the very beginning, and this code needed refreshing. It
+contained a rare deadlock which needed to be killed.
+
+* Toshaan added an uptime() function.
+
+* Julien added a method for generating some simple functions for the
+language.
+
+* Lander added two new functions.
+
+* James added a new readfile() function, and other examples.
+
+* The template function now allows you to use imported functions. They
+use underscores instead of periods for namespace separation due to a
+limitation in the template library.
+
+* Kevin and I killed a tricky race in the SocketSet code! Woo :) Kevin
+also added a great cpucount() fact!
+
+* James gave a number of presentations at FOSDEM. Some recordings are
+available: https://purpleidea.com/talks/
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* An unfortunate bug in the type unification code was found. This can
+cause small code bases to take a lot of ram/cpu to run. This will be
+prioritized in an upcoming release. Until then you'll have to avoid
+fancy type unification. (Specify types you know when it has to guess.)
+
+If efficient type unification algorithms are your specialty, please let
+us know, we'd like your help!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Felix Frank, James Shubin, Jeff Waugh, Johan Bloemberg, Julien Pivotto,
+Kevin Kuehler, Lander Van den Bulcke, Toshaan Bharvani
+We had 8 unique committers since 0.0.17, and have had 58 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.17..0.0.18' to see what has changed since 0.0.17
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.19

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.19 of mgmt!
+
+> 361 files changed, 10451 insertions(+), 3919 deletions(-)
+
+This is a very important (and huge) release and has some important
+fixes that landed since 0.0.18, including:
+
+* A huge re-write of the elastic etcd clustering code base
+* A significant improvement in the type unification algorithm
+* An important import/class scoping bug was discovered and fixed
+* New mcl functions and resource improvements
+
+And much more...
+
+What comes next is just polish, new features and small bug fixes!
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.19
+
+NEWS
+
+* A giant etcd re-write was completed and merged. The elastic
+clustering algorithm is not perfect, however it should suffice for most
+use cases, and it's always possible to point mgmt at an external etcd
+cluster if you don't understand the limitations of the automatic
+clustering algorithm. The important part is that the core code is much
+cleaner now, so hopefully races and bugs of ignorance are gone now. :)
+
+* I found an unfortunate bug in the type unification algorithm that
+severely impacted performance for some types of code bases. This is now
+fixed, and I hope we should not experience problems again! Special
+thanks to Sam for talking me through the problem and understanding the
+space better! Woo \o/
+
+* An important import/class scoping bug was fixed. Thanks to Nicolas
+for the bug report. We also added tests for this too!
+
+* Nicolas also added our first os detection function. os.is_debian and
+os.is_redhat are now in core. Get your favourite os added today!
+
+* The polymorphic len function can also check str length.
+
+* The exec resource got a big cleanup. It also learned the interrupt
+trait so that long running commands can be forcefully killed if need
+be.
+
+* A fancy new test infra for testing functions over time was added.
+Anytime we want to check our individual FRP functions are working as
+expected, this is an easy way to add a test. This way, if we ever find
+a bug, we can drop in a test with the fix. This actually helped find a
+very subtle bug in readfile that nobody had experienced yet!
+
+* File res with state => exists but no content now performs as
+expected.
+
+* Improved send/recv, since it was neglected a bit. Hopefully it ends
+up being a useful primitive.
+
+* Added a new synchronization primitive that I'm called
+SubscribedSignal. I found it very useful for building some of my code,
+and I hope you'll find it useful too. I'd offer it upstream to the sync
+package if Google didn't force their crappy CLA nonsense on everyone
+who wanted to send a patch. :/ Death by 1000 paper cuts, I guess.
+
+* Added a match function in the new regexp core package. Try it out and
+add some more functions!
+
+* Wouter has been testing mgmt and filling all sorts of useful bug
+reports. We fixed at least one related to a report, and more are
+planned for the next release. Wouter also sent in one cleanup patch to
+remove some dead code. Welcome to the project!
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* There are a few known issues, in particular with some over eager
+checking done in the Validate portion of two resources, that should
+actually be runtime checks in CheckApply. As a result, if you intend to
+change some state during the graph execution, the resource won't see
+it. These should be very easy to fix if someone is interested in
+writing the patch!
+
+TALKS
+
+* James will be presenting at this year's OSDC in Berlin. There will be
+a workshop: https://osdc.de/events/mgmt-config-workshop/
+and a talk:
+https://osdc.de/events/mgmt-config-the-future-of-your-autonomous-datacentre/
+Sign up soon if you want to guarantee a spot, as they're limited!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Adam Sigal, Felix Frank, James Shubin, Jonathan Gold, Michael Schubert,
+Mitch Fossen, Nicolas Charles, Wouter Dullaert
+We had 8 unique committers since 0.0.18, and have had 63 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.18..0.0.19' to see what has changed since 0.0.18
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.20

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.20 of mgmt!
+
+> 295 files changed, 8585 insertions(+), 1413 deletions(-)
+
+This was a very challenging release but it includes many useful changes
+since 0.0.19, including:
+
+* Function values / lambdas exist and are first-class
+* Over 70 new tests have been added!
+* Core functions, classes, and globals can now be written in mcl code
+* A new compiler "Ordering" step was added
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.20
+
+NEWS
+
+* After a long and challenging road, I finally got function values and
+lambdas merged. If you find any bugs, please let me know! You can now
+treat functions as first-class values, and even use them as closures by
+capturing variable state.
+
+* Over 70 new tests were added, most of which test the behaviour of the
+new functions.
+
+* Core packages always allowed you to write new functions in pure
+golang, but now you can implement new functions, classes, and even
+variables in native mcl code! It's still desirable and perhaps
+efficient in some cases to want native golang implementations, but all
+good programs self-host some of their stdlib in their own language
+eventually.
+
+* A new compiler step called "Ordering" was added. It's hidden inside
+the SetScope step, but now lets us generate code ordering graphs and
+determine exactly what to run first.
+
+* Light copying of Node's allows more correct and efficient function
+graphs that can share common vertices and edges. For example, if two
+different closures capture a variable $x, they'll both use the same
+copy when running the function, since the compiler can prove if they're
+identical.
+
+* Improved the type system slightly to allow advanced type comparisons.
+
+* The type unification algorithm was improved. Hopefully it should
+solve all scenarios without needing the recursive solver which was very
+slow. If you find a case that isn't speedy, please let us know!
+
+* Added subtest listing by using -short and -v in a test. This lets you
+know what's available and how to run individual sub tests easily.
+
+* Support for the systemd STATE_DIRECTORY and xdg cache dir was added
+by new contributor John! Thanks!
+
+* New contributor Adam added a pgraph test.
+
+* A bug in the systemd mount resource was fixed. Hopefully it should
+work correctly now.
+
+* A bug that prevented us from allowing nested system imports was
+fixed. Nest away! This will pave the way for us to automatically import
+most of the golang standard library by doing: import "golang/regexp" or
+golang/whatever".
+
+* Added an example showing that unicode is allowed in strings.
+
+* Fixed a rare race in the engine.
+
+* Added some new core functions including math.mod and datetime
+improvements.
+
+* Changed the API to remove the use of --lang. This avoids the
+stuttering.
+
+* Moved to golang 1.11 and etcd 3.3.13. The later includes a fix for an
+un-catchable error scenario which we fixed in etcd.
+
+* Improved the pgraph library significantly so that we can generate
+better graphs with accurate vertices based on the vertex pointers.
+
+* Added ArchLinux OS family detection.
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* There are a few known issues with some disabled code paths in the new
+function value code. These issues don't *need* to be fixed, but if they
+are, then we should see a slight performance increase. Happy to have
+someone dig into these, and they shouldn't bother anyone.
+
+* Some of the pre-built binaries might not work on your system. We need
+to start building them with the right dependencies so that `ldd`
+related things are happy. For now, please try building yourself if the
+build doesn't work for you, or help improve our build system.
+
+TALKS
+
+I'll be giving a talk at an upcoming mini-conference in Montreal. If
+you're interested in attending, please let me know.
+If you'd like to give an mgmt talk somewhere, please let me know!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Adam Sigal, Christian Rebischke, Felix Frank, James Shubin, Jan
+Martens, Johan Bloemberg, John Hooks, Ward Vandewege
+We had 8 unique committers since 0.0.19, and have had 67 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.19..0.0.20' to see what has changed since 0.0.19
+
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.21

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.21 of mgmt!
+
+> 178 files changed, 4351 insertions(+), 829 deletions(-)
+
+This was a very lonely release but it includes some very useful
+additions since 0.0.20, including:
+
+* The first mgmt meme!
+* Working distro packages for Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu and Arch!
+* Reversible resources!
+* A deploy package to let you read files from the active deploy
+* Improved file resource behaviours
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.21
+
+NEWS
+
+* Someone made a cool mgmt meme. Look in art/mgmt_*_meme.jpg
+
+* Distro packages are now built properly, so they should all work now.
+We have builds for Fedora-30, Fedora-29, Debian-10, Ubuntu-Bionic, and
+Archlinux. If you'd like a build for a different distro/version please
+let me know.
+
+* We finally got rid of the old `Compare(...) bool` API, and moved to
+`Cmp(...) error`. We'll now get more useful information from Res
+compares when they differ. Thanks to new contributor Donald Bakong for
+working on this. He's ramping up his golang contributions, so we expect
+to see more from him in the future!
+
+* We now have reversible resources. Basically if you create a resource
+and specify the reverse metaparam, eg: `Meta:reverse => true`, then if
+a resource is removed (either because a new version of code doesn't
+have it anymore OR more importantly if it was inside an `if` block that
+became false) then the engine will perform some "reverse" action for
+it. For a file, if it was added, we'll remove it. If it was edited,
+we'll undo the edit. If we added ugo+w, we'll remove that. And so on.
+The engine bits are done, and as well so have the file resource bits.
+It should be easy to add this for any other resource where it makes
+sense. This will likely be a very powerful feature that we use a lot.
+
+* The file resource was changed slightly so that by default the "state"
+is undefined. As a result, if you want a file to be created and none is
+present, you need to specify the state. Otherwise specifying "content"
+will only edit a file if it already exists, and otherwise be an error.
+It turns out this is actually a better behaviour, even if it's not
+necessarily intuitive for puppet users. It turns out it simplifies the
+code drastically and makes the reversible file resource much more
+logical. It seems that Puppet and Ansible got this wrong, but Cfengine
+got it right. IIRC. Do you agree? (Look at the code!)
+
+* We now catch CR \r characters in code so that you don't wonder why
+the compiler is telling you about unexpected whitespace. This should
+make your life easier.
+
+* You can now read files from within the deploy. This can be used for
+templates or anything else. This was one of the last missing things
+that was blocking me from writing useful mcl modules.
+
+* Fixed a copy-pasta bug where the != operator (for strings only) was
+actually doing an ==. Woops! The good news is that we've been shaking
+out silly bugs because I've been using mgmt more and more. Hopefully
+there aren't any woops ones like this left!
+
+* A bunch of function, class, and include tests were added. We're
+getting really well tested!
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* Function values as args don't work yet. This is blocking us from
+implementing functions like map/reduce/filter, because they'd want to
+receive a function as input. TBH, I'm a bit tunnel-visioned on this,
+because I'm not the compilers genius that you are. If you can help,
+please let me know. I'll be posting a bunch of test cases that show
+what's needed shortly.
+
+* Three patches have been submitted to mkosi to support the image
+building I've been doing. They're not merged yet, so you'll have to
+apply them yourself if you want to make your own distro images. This
+isn't a major requirement anyone should have, but if they're not
+merged, we'll store them here and apply them as needed.
+
+TALKS
+
+I'll be in Belgium for FOSDEM and CfgMgmtCamp in 2020. If I'm lucky
+I'll have at least one mgmt presentation. I might also consider going
+to DevConf.cz if I get a talk accepted. Feel to ping me if you'd like
+to hack, get consulting, training, etc while I'm in Europe!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+bjanssens, Donald Bakong, James Shubin
+We had 3 unique committers since 0.0.20, and have had 69 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.20..0.0.21' to see what has changed since 0.0.20
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.22

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.22 of mgmt!
+
+> 579 files changed, 17984 insertions(+), 3136 deletions(-)
+
+Compared to the last release, this is a monster. Previously:
+
+> 178 files changed, 4351 insertions(+), 829 deletions(-)
+
+I apologize for not doing a release earlier, but to be quite honest,
+I've been busy, the people who are playing with mgmt are doing their
+own builds anyways, and there are still some unimplemented, pre-
+production features missing.
+
+Also, I started a new job. News on my blog and how (if at all) it
+affects mgmt is there.
+
+This is still an incredibly important release, so let's cover some of
+the points!
+
+* This is the last release before we switch to go.mod
+* IRC channel moved to #mgmtconfig on libera.chat after Freenode died
+* New resources including tftp, dhcp, and http (all as servers, wow!)
+* New string interpolation implementation with many tests
+* Resource fields can accept complex structs and other types now
+* Improved type unification solver and new invariants like generator
+* A new polymorphic function API interface
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are NOT available here for this release:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.22
+
+NEWS
+
+* The file resource supports building files from other "fragments".
+This is magic and automatic and real-time. Docs and examples are in the
+repo.
+
+* The file resource (and others) have a new trait and queryable API to
+make decisions based on what other resources are in the graph.
+
+* The file resource has a "purge" option to remove unmanaged files from
+a managed directory.
+
+* A lot of built-in functions are auto-generated from the stdlib. Most
+things you would want are now present, particularly if they're pure
+functions.
+
+* There's a new consul KV resource.
+
+* File resources support symbolic modes now!
+
+* New tftp related resources are now present. They're great and I use
+them to provision things!
+
+* A docker image resource was added.
+
+* First-class constants now exist. So you can do
+$const.res.file.state.exists instead of typing "exists" which is prone
+to typos. This is more verbose, but it's safer if that's your priority.
+
+* We found a bug with fuzzing! Cool, thanks Patrick!
+
+* We have dhcp server related resources. This is pretty cool when
+combined with the tftp resource and you can provision a lot of stuff
+from your laptop and one binary now.
+
+* We also have http server resources. Combined with the tftp and dhcp
+resources mgmt starts to look like a powerful tool to greenfield a new
+datacentre and then take over and manage it continuous. All from a
+single, type-safe, code base. Of course you can do other things with
+this, and I'm looking forward to seeing the ideas that I haven't
+thought of yet! PS: An http:ui has been partially implemented too. Ping
+if you want to know more.
+
+* Resource fields couldn't previously accept anonymous structs as types
+because of how golang built its reflect library. Joe found an elegant
+workaround, thanks!
+
+* The type unification solver was improved to support some new
+invariants. This makes a lot of new things possible, and was done to
+support new complex functions including the eventual addition of map,
+reduce, and filter. One of the new invariants is a "generator"
+invariant, so that unification can take into account the entire
+relevant parts of the AST. It's not a textbook CS implementation, but
+it's based on sound theory I think, and it seems to work great. If you
+find an edge case, please let us know.
+
+* The polymorphic function interface was changed to use the new
+unification logic. This makes a lot more sense. All the functions have
+been ported to the new interface.
+
+* 42
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, etc
+resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly if
+there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* Function values as args don't work yet. This is blocking us from
+implementing functions like map/reduce/filter, because they'd want to
+receive a function as input. TBH, I'm a bit tunnel-visioned on this,
+because I'm not the compilers genius that you are. If you can help,
+please let me know. I'll be posting a bunch of test cases that show
+what's needed shortly.
+
+(This is the exact message I wrote last time. I've made a lot of
+progress since then, but motivation here has been low. Reach out if you
+can help.)
+
+TALKS
+
+Hopefully CfgMgmtCamp in 2022 will be back on. If we're lucky and safe,
+maybe I can travel there. TBD... Feel to ping me if you'd like to hack,
+talk, whatever if I'm in Europe.
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Libera IRC, or ping this list if
+you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+Although asking in IRC is the best way to find something to work on.
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Adam Sigal, Ahmed Al-Hulaibi, David Randall, Derek Buckley, Donald
+Bakong, Felix Frank, Francois Rompre-Lanctot, Ivan Pejić, James Shubin,
+Jean-Philippe Evrard, Jimmy Tang, Joe Groocock, Jonathan Gold, Julien
+Pivotto, Kenneth Hoste, Matthew Lesko-Krleza, Patrick Meyer, viq, Yohan
+Belval
+We had 19 unique committers since 0.0.21, and have had 82 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.21..0.0.22' to see what has changed since 0.0.21
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.23

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.23 of mgmt!
+
+>  424 files changed, 7051 insertions(+), 2256 deletions(-)
+
+This is a fairly quiet release, and I'm mostly doing this to have a
+permanent tag before I start really breaking git master.
+
+I'd like to apologize for things being kind of quiet. I've had to focus
+on life and making money to pay my bills, and I've been struggling a
+bit to complete some of the tougher algorithmic parts that I think are
+necessary for a solid MVP. Hopefully I will succeed, but to do so, it's
+going to be easier if I break git master and then sort things out
+later.
+
+I'm feeling optimistic about the future, although help with some
+complex concurrent programming would certainly be appreciated.
+
+With that, here are a few highlights from the release:
+
+* We're using go.mod, but I'm not keeping it up-to-date regularly yet.
+
+* We have an os.system(`cmd`) function!
+
+* We replaced go-bindata with the embed package.
+
+* We added a hetzner vm resource.
+
+* We did a giant lang/ package refactor.
+
+* Printf supports %v now (any type).
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are NOT available here for this release:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.23
+
+NEWS
+
+* We have our Libera IRC channel bridged to Matrix, so you can join
+that way too.
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, Hetzner,
+etc, resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly
+if there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* Function values as args don't work yet. This is blocking us from
+implementing functions like map/reduce/filter, because they'd want to
+receive a function as input.
+
+(This is the exact message I wrote last time. I've made a lot of
+progress since then, but motivation here has been low. Reach out if you
+can help.)
+
+TALKS
+
+I don't have anything planned until CfgMgmtCamp 2024. If you'd like to
+book me for a private event, or sponsor my travel for your conference,
+please let me know.
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Libera IRC or Matrix, or ping this
+list if you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+Although asking in IRC is the best way to find something to work on.
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+dantefromhell, James Shubin, Jef Masereel, Joe Groocock, Samuel
+Gélineau
+We had 5 unique committers since 0.0.22, and have had 85 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.22..0.0.23' to see what has changed since 0.0.22
+
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.24

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.24 of mgmt!
+
+
+> 600 files changed, 13622 insertions(+), 6907 deletions(-)
+
+This is a huge and hugely important release! It has been a long time
+coming. We have lambdas! I could not have done this without the
+unrelentingly supportive and brilliant Samuel Gélineau.
+
+Getting past the blockers and tricky code changes was all thanks to
+him. Cleanups, polish and making it more golang idiomatic was my doing.
+(The easy stuff.) If Sam wanted to be a golang expert, he could have
+done it all, but it was more sensible than I do all the mundane and
+filler stuff.
+
+With that, here are a few highlights from the release:
+
+* We have working lambdas, including iter.map =D
+
+* We have a new function engine!
+
+* We have improved type unification!
+
+* We have an improved resource engine!
+
+* We have improved many of the internal API's.
+
+* We have so many tests.
+
+And much more...
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are NOT available here for this release:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.24
+
+NEWS
+
+* Our main tests are now in the excellent .txtar format. This makes
+things much easier to manage.
+
+* The iter.map function can be named as such due to parser tricks! No
+need to name it xmap anymore!
+
+* The unification solver has been greatly improved. We can infer a lot
+more about function types.
+
+* The resources API uses the context package for closing Watch and
+returning early from CheckApply. The next step would be to remove all
+the resource-specific timeout code and make that a metaparam.
+
+* A new sync primitive has been added in case you'd like to use it
+somewhere. We'd love help adding an even more complex one. Look in
+util/sync.go for more information.
+
+* Sam added some beautiful type inference debugging that makes things
+easier for those familiar with the standard literature.
+
+* An important bug in standalone etcd has been fixed. While embedded
+etcd and automatic clustering isn't "supported" (it's buggy) the
+status-quo of using your own etcd cluster is stable, and you can even
+use the embedded etcd server in standalone mode...
+
+* This means you can run `mgmt etcd` and get the standard etcd binary
+behviour that you'd get from running `etcd` normally. This makes it
+easy to use both together since you only need to transport one binary
+around. (And maybe mgmt will do that for you!)
+
+* I fixed and cleaned up some sketchy code in the resource engine. I
+had been unmotivated to fix this for a while because I really wanted
+lambdas first, but now that they are in, I took a good look at the
+code, made some fixes, and I'm really happy with it now.
+
+* Metaparams are appropriately stateful between graph switches now.
+Retry is the easy example. Limit/Burst need to be ported if you care
+about these fine details.
+
+* A RetryReset metaparam has been added. This is another good example
+of how powerful metaparams are and how much potential there is for
+building systems with these and future ones.
+
+* A bunch of internal API's have been updated. This makes it better for
+function and resource writers! Some GAPI changes also got pushed
+through that make things clearer for those reading code.
+
+* We have a listlookup function. It's still missing syntactic sugar
+though!
+
+* Our new function graph engine is called "dage". I think it's pretty
+clever. There's a chance there is still a bug inside, but it's unclear.
+Please report any issues. If you have some large machines I can test
+very large and fast graphs on, please let me know.
+
+* Lambdas really work now! The txn and ref/gc code is pretty fantastic.
+
+* Many bugs have been killed!
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, Hetzner,
+etc, resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly
+if there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+BUGS/TODO
+
+* Function values getting _passed_ to resources doesn't work yet, but
+it's not a blocker, but it would definitely be useful. We're looking
+into it.
+
+* Function graphs are unnecessarily dynamic. We might make them more
+static so that we don't need as many transactions. This is really a
+compiler optimization and not a bug, but it's something important we'd
+like to have.
+
+* Running two Txn's during the same pause would be really helpful. I'm
+not sure how much of a performance improvement we'd get from this, but
+it would sure be interesting to build. If you want to build a fancy
+synchronization primitive, then let us know! Again this is not a bug.
+
+TALKS
+
+I don't have anything planned until CfgMgmtCamp 2024. If you'd like to
+book me for a private event, or sponsor my travel for your conference,
+please let me know.
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Libera IRC or Matrix, or ping this
+list if you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+Although asking in IRC/matrix is the best way to find something to work
+on.
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+James Shubin, Kaushal, Laurent Indermuehle, Ofek Atar, Samuel Gélineau
+We had 5 unique committers since 0.0.23, and have had 88 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.23..0.0.24' to see what has changed since 0.0.23
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.25

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+I've just released version 0.0.25 of mgmt!
+
+> 686 files changed, 28391 insertions(+), 6935 deletions(-)
+
+This is the first release that I consider to be generally useful at
+solving real-world problems, without needing to be an mgmt expert. It's
+also the first release that includes a very real `mcl` codebase. An
+accompanying blog post is also available:
+https://purpleidea.com/blog/2024/03/27/a-new-provisioning-tool/
+
+With that, here are a few highlights from the release:
+
+* We have a new mgmt partner program. Please sign-up for early access
+to these release notes, along with other special privileges. Details
+at: https://bit.ly/mgmt-partner-program
+
+* You can build self-contained mgmt binaries that contain a custom
+application. An initial "provisioning tool" has been built in this way.
+Please see the blog post for more details.
+
+* Default lookup functions exist in the language, with syntactic sugar
+(the || operator) , so you can get a default value if one doesn't
+exist, eg: $some_struct->some_struct_field || "some_default_value".
+
+* Resource fields can now accept interface{} (any) types.
+
+* A panic feature now exists in the language.
+
+* The exec resource has new `donecmd` and `creates` fields. Of note,
+`creates` supports watches too!
+
+* Send/recv now works for autogrouped resources!
+
+* Added `include as` (for classes) to the language. Nested
+(sugar/hierarchical) classes are now supported to make this more
+powerful!
+
+* Stats are printed if the function engine is waiting for too long.
+
+* There's a new http:flag resource, and also an http:proxy resource so
+that we can have caching http proxies!
+
+* Added a firewalld resource for opening ports!
+
+* Added a dhcp:range resource which is very powerful and has a fun API!
+
+* Added the "embedded" and "entry" packages, for building standalone
+tools. This goes perfectly with the new CLI library that we ported
+everything to.
+
+And much more...
+
+
+DOWNLOAD
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available here for this release:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/tag/0.0.25
+
+They can also be found on the Fedora mirror:
+https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/purpleidea/mgmt/releases/0.0.25/
+
+
+NEWS
+
+* We changed the logical operators in mcl to use well-known English
+tokens: OR, AND, NOT. (but in lowercase of course)
+
+* The history function has been temporarily removed from the syntactic
+core. We'll add it back if we find it's useful to have sugar!
+
+* A bunch of lexer/parser cleanups and improvements were made.
+
+* Default lookup functions for lists, maps, and structs have been
+added. These come with syntactic sugar as mentioned above. (We plan to
+keep this syntax, but we're open to feedback and changes if they're
+good.)
+
+* Resources can accept the interface{} (any) type, although this should
+be used sparingly.
+
+* We added a new mcl test suite that checks resource output too!
+
+* Added a new `value` resource. This is a special resource kind that
+can be used for building some powerful state machines. Recommended for
+experienced users only.
+
+* Improved the golang function generation to allow functions that take
+[]str, so now we have a bunch more functions (like join) in our stdlib
+for free.
+
+* Add some mac address formatting functions. (core/net)
+
+* Added a panic resource and panic function into the core language.
+This is useful for safely shutting down a running mcl program to
+prevent something disastrous or unhandled.
+
+* Added a `donecmd` field to the exec resource. This runs a command
+after a successful CheckApply. This replaces the `&& echo foo > done`
+pattern that you'd see in some code.
+
+* Added a new internal `local` API that can be used for local machine
+operations. So far, read/writing/watching values that are stored
+locally.
+
+* Added `value` functions which bridge the `value` resource via the
+`local` API. To be used sparingly!
+
+* Bumped to golang 1.20, and we'll probably move again before the next
+release.
+
+* Allow send/recv with autogrouped resources. This adds many
+possibilities, in particular with the server style resources.
+
+* Added a bunch of tests for sneaky corner cases. Some of these were
+hard to write, but I think they're worth it.
+
+* ExprBind is now monomorphic! This was a design mistake that we
+introduced, but have since repaired. We now have far fewer copies
+running in the function graph, and things are much more efficient. This
+means lambdas can only have one type when used at two different call
+sites, which is much more logical, safer, faster and memory efficient.
+
+* Added an --only-unify option if you want to test your code but not
+run it.
+
+* Added a concat function for the common case of interpolation. This
+makes type unification significantly faster.
+
+* Eliminated some "benign" races. You might find this commit
+interesting to read: bc63b7608e84f60bf9d568188814d411a0688738
+
+* A pgraph bug was found and fixed. A test was added too! It's amazing
+this was here for so long, it just shows how subtle graph
+datastructures can be.
+
+* Added `include as` (for classes) to the language which lets our
+classes produce values which can then be used elsewhere. I decided this
+feature would be necessary after writing a bunch of mcl. It does have
+an extraneous scoping bug, but not anything that causes problems.
+
+* Nested classes are now supported. This lets you write the equivalent
+of nested classes, without actually having to nest them! This is not
+inheritance, but rather a way of handling scope and passing it
+downwards.
+
+* Improved the Ordering compiler step to catch a bunch of unhandled
+bugs. Sam is a genius and was able to figure out some of these using
+wizardry.
+
+* Added some convert functions to the mcl package.
+
+* Allow edges with colons...
+
+* ...Because we now support a new hierarchical autogrouping algorithm!
+This let's us have some very powerful resources.
+
+* ...Like http:*, dhcp:*, and so on, but we could even go deeper!
+
+* Fixed a super sneaky bug with resource swapping. Due to how we Cmp,
+this now preserves state more often, and in particular when we need it.
+I'm fairly certain that some code in a WIP branch of mine was actually
+blocked because of this issue. Pleased to run into it again, but now
+with a fix in place!
+
+* Added an http:flag resource. This let's a `wget` or similar call back
+to the http:server to kick off an action.
+
+* The http:flag resource supports directories now.
+
+* Stats are printed if the function engine is waiting for too long.
+This is mostly useful for developers who are building new functions and
+have a bug in their midst!
+
+* We added a --skip-unify option to prevent the double unification when
+running locally. When using `mgmt run` to test locally, we type check,
+and then deploy to ourselves, which then naturally type checks again.
+This skips the first one, which would be unsafe generally, but is
+perfectly safe when we're running a single instance.
+
+* Added a new http:proxy resource, and then tweaked it's API, and then
+added http streaming. This is an incredibly powerful resource that lets
+us build a caching http proxy with a single resource. I can't wait to
+see what else it gets used for. I'm using it for provisioning. It's not
+performance optimized at the moment as it uses a single mutex for
+everything, but this could be extended if we wanted to scale this out.
+
+* Added a ton of measuring/timing of common operations. This confirmed
+my belief that autoedges were slower than necessary. There are two ways
+to improve this. We might end up doing either one or both. Autogrouping
+is currently much faster than needed, so no improvements planned for
+now!
+
+* Started to clean up the internal FS API's. It would be really great
+if the core golang team would add something so we could get rid of the
+afero external interfaces.
+
+* Added an "embedded" package to offer API's related to embedded mcl
+programs! This lets us build standalone binaries which are powered by
+mcl.
+
+* Moved to a new CLI (go-arg) library. This has a few downsides, but
+they are fixable upstream, and this vastly improved our code quality
+and API's. This needed to happen, what with the mess that was
+urfave/cli. Look at our diff's, they're really elegant! This let us
+clean up our lib structs as well!
+
+* Added an "entry" package to kick-off the embedded API stuff. This
+uses the new CLI API's that we just built. The end-user now has a
+really easy time building new tools.
+
+* Added a bunch of util functions to aid in building certain standalone
+tools. I'm willing to accept more contributions in this space if
+they're sane, and related to our general mission. Please ask and then
+send patches if you're unsure.
+
+* Added a firewalld resource which makes opening up ports automatic
+when we need them. Perfect for the standalone laptop use-case.
+
+* Made type unification cancellable in case you get into a long-running
+scenario and want to end early.
+
+* Added a `creates` field to the exec resource. Very useful, and also
+supports watches! This is very useful for the common uses of exec.
+
+* Added a dhcp:range resource to offer any number of IP addresses to
+devices that we don't know the mac addresses of in advance. This makes
+building a provisioning tool even more ergonomic.
+
+* Optimized the name invariants since we can usually avoid an exclusive
+invariant in the common case. This roughly halved the type unification
+time. More improvements coming too!
+
+* Caught a sneaky list type that could get through type unification
+when it was interpolated alone. This now enforces the string invariant
+when we specify it, which is an important language design distinction.
+We added tests for this of course too!
+
+* The "log" package has been entirely refactored and is only visible in
+one place at the top of the program. Nice! I have a design for a
+"better logger / user interface" if we ever want to improve on this.
+
+* Added release targets for standalone binary builds. I also improved
+the Makefile release magic significantly.
+
+* Made a lot of small "polish" improvements to various resources.
+
+* Most interestingly, an embedded provisioner application has been
+built and made available in full. Please test and share with others.
+Hopefully this will encourage more interest in the project.
+
+* We're looking for help writing Amazon, Google, DigitalOcean, Hetzner,
+etc, resources if anyone is interested, reach out to us. Particularly
+if there is support from those organizations as well.
+
+* Many other bug fixes, changes, etc...
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and for anything notable I left out!
+
+
+BUGS/TODO
+
+* Function values getting _passed_ to resources doesn't work yet, but
+it's not a blocker, but it would definitely be useful. We're looking
+into it.
+
+* Function graphs are unnecessarily dynamic. We might make them more
+static so that we don't need as many transactions. This is really a
+compiler optimization and not a bug, but it's something important we'd
+like to have.
+
+* Running two Txn's during the same pause would be really helpful. I'm
+not sure how much of a performance improvement we'd get from this, but
+it would sure be interesting to build. If you want to build a fancy
+synchronization primitive, then let us know! Again this is not a bug.
+
+* Type unification performance can be improved drastically. I will have
+to implement the fast algorithm so that we can scale to very large mcl
+programs. Help is wanted if you are familiar with "unionfind" and/or
+type unification.
+
+
+TALKS
+
+I don't have anything planned until CfgMgmtCamp 2025. If you'd like to
+book me for a private event, or sponsor my travel for your conference,
+please let me know.
+
+I recently gave two talks: one at CfgMgmtCamp 2024, and one at FOSDEM
+in the golang room. Both are available online and demonstrated an
+earlier version of the provisioning tool which is fully available
+today. The talks can be found here: https://purpleidea.com/talks/
+
+
+PARTNER PROGRAM
+
+We have a new mgmt partner program which gets you early access to
+releases, bug fixes, support, and many other goodies. Please sign-up
+today: https://bit.ly/mgmt-partner-program
+
+
+MISC
+
+Our mailing list host (Red Hat) is no longer letting non-Red Hat
+employees use their infrastructure. We're looking for a new home. I've
+opened a ticket with Freedesktop. If you have any sway with them or
+other recommendations, please let me know:
+https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/freedesktop/freedesktop/-/issues/1082
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium
+and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own!
+Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Libera IRC or Matrix (preferred) and
+ping us if you'd like help getting started! For details please see:
+
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/blob/master/docs/faq.md#how-do-i-con
+tribute-to-the-project-if-i-dont-know-golang
+
+Many tagged #mgmtlove issues exist:
+https://github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%
+3Amgmtlove
+
+Although asking in IRC/matrix is the best way to find something to work
+on.
+
+
+MENTORING
+
+We offer mentoring for new golang/mgmt hackers who want to get
+involved. This is fun and friendly! You get to improve your skills,
+and we get some patches in return. Ping me off-list for details.
+
+
+THANKS
+
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release:
+Eng Zer Jun, James Shubin, Oliver Lowe, Samuel Gélineau
+We had 4 unique committers since 0.0.24, and have had 90 overall.
+run 'git log 0.0.24..0.0.25' to see what has changed since 0.0.24
+
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/release-notes/0.0.9

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+I've just released 0.0.9!
+
+Release tags are now signed with my GPG key.
+
+From now on, I'm going to try and write a release email to the list
+with information about each release. Here we go!
+
+NEWS
+
+* There were far more commits that went into this release than I was
+expecting. I delayed a while because of some nasty races and deadlocks
+I encountered when cleaning some cruft out of the engine.
+
+134 files changed, 5394 insertions(+), 2168 deletions(-)
+
+* We grew initial integration with Prometheus thanks to new contributor
+`roidelapluie`.
+
+* The file resource can now chown/chmod files! Thanks to new
+contributor `mildred`.
+
+* The virt resource can now hotplug/hotunplug cpus. This made for some
+dope demos at CfgMgmtCamp. Special thanks to pkrempa for helping me
+with the libvirt API.
+
+* Native testing of all the golang code is now enabled again. I broke
+this when I split mgmt up into multiple packages. (Sorry!) Golang tests
+in foo_test.go should now run and be tested automatically. I'd
+especially like it if someone wrote some for pgraph/pgraph.go:
+GraphSync().
+
+* Documentation has been significantly improved. We have a resource
+guide (for writing new native resources) and much more. We also now
+build the docs as a RTD project:
+https://mgmt.readthedocs.io/en/master/
+Patches welcome to make it style as pretty as GitHub markdown does.
+
+* See the git log for more NEWS, and sorry for anything notable I left
+out!
+
+BUGS
+
+* I hope to resolve this soon, but it shouldn't block further
+development on git master for now. The issue: if you make extremely
+high speed graph changes to graphs involving the virt resource, it can
+eventually cause a panic. This is being tracked here:
+https://github.com/libvirt/libvirt-go/issues/7 (help welcome!)
+
+GLUSTERFS
+
+I've started working on some stuff for Glusterd so that it can embed
+mgmt as a lib, and use the resource model to simplify cluster
+management. This will involve writing Gluster resources in mgmt
+(volume, brick, etc...) and all sorts of other fun stuff. If you'd like
+to participate, please LMK!
+
+MISC
+
+We're still looking for new contributors, and there are easy, medium and hard issues available! You're also welcome to suggest your own! Please join us in #mgmtconfig on Freenode IRC, or ping this list if you'd like help getting started!
+
+THANKS
+
+We had 12 unique committers since 0.0.8, and have had 29 overall.
+Thanks (alphabetically) to everyone who contributed to the latest
+release: Daniele Sluijters, Daniel P. Berrange, Felix Frank, goberghen,
+James Shubin, Julien Pivotto, Kaushal M, Lars Kulseng, Mildred Ki'Lya,
+Sean Jones, Steve Milner, Tom Ritserveldt.
+
+Happy hacking,
+James
+@purpleidea

docs/resource-guide.md

@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ it is not specified, but others cannot, and some might poorly infer if the
 struct name is ambiguous.
 
 If you'd like your resource to be accessible by the `YAML` graph API (GAPI),
-then you'll need to include the appropriate YAML fields as shown below. This is
-used by the `Puppet` compiler as well, so make sure you include these struct
-tags if you want existing `Puppet` code to be able to run using the `mgmt`
-engine.
+then you'll need to include the appropriate YAML fields as shown below.
 
 #### Example
 
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ when parameters take a zero value, whenever this is possible.)
 
 ```golang
 // Default returns some sensible defaults for this resource.
-func (obj *FooRes) Default() Res {
+func (obj *FooRes) Default() engine.Res {
 	return &FooRes{
 		Answer: 42, // sometimes, defaults shouldn't be the zero value
 	}
@@ -177,10 +174,10 @@ this. In other words, you should expect `Validate` to have run first, but you
 shouldn't allow `Init` to dangerously `rm -rf /$the_world` if your code only
 checks `$the_world` in `Validate`. Remember to always program safely!
 
-### Close
+### Cleanup
 
 ```golang
-Close() error
+Cleanup() error
 ```
 
 This is called to cleanup after the resource. It is usually not necessary, but
@@ -192,8 +189,8 @@ loop.
 #### Example
 
 ```golang
-// Close runs some cleanup code for this resource.
-func (obj *FooRes) Close() error {
+// Cleanup is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
+func (obj *FooRes) Cleanup() error {
 	err := obj.conn.Close() // close some internal connection
 	obj.someMap = nil       // free up some large data structure from memory
 	return err
@@ -206,7 +203,7 @@ on an error if something went wrong.
 ### CheckApply
 
 ```golang
-CheckApply(apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error)
+CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error)
 ```
 
 `CheckApply` is where the real _work_ is done. Under normal circumstances, this
@@ -215,7 +212,8 @@ should return: `(true, nil)`. If the `apply` variable is set to `true`, then
 this means that we should then proceed to run the changes required to bring the
 resource into the correct state. If the `apply` variable is set to `false`, then
 the resource is operating in _noop_ mode and _no operational changes_ should be
-made!
+made! The ctx should be monitored in case a shutdown has been requested. This
+may be used if a timeout occurred, or if the user shutdown the engine.
 
 After having executed the necessary operations to bring the resource back into
 the desired state, or after having detected that the state was incorrect, but
@@ -234,7 +232,7 @@ to `CheckApply`.
 
 ```golang
 // CheckApply does the idempotent work of checking and applying resource state.
-func (obj *FooRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *FooRes) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	// check the state
 	if state_is_okay { return true, nil } // done early! :)
 
@@ -277,7 +275,7 @@ will likely find the state to now be correct.
 ### Watch
 
 ```golang
-Watch() error
+Watch(ctx context.Context) error
 ```
 
 `Watch` is a main loop that runs and sends messages when it detects that the
@@ -304,23 +302,25 @@ If the resource is activated in `polling` mode, the `Watch` method will not get
 executed. As a result, the resource must still work even if the main loop is not
 running.
 
+You must make sure to cleanup any running code or goroutines before Watch exits.
+
 #### Select
 
 The lifetime of most resources `Watch` method should be spent in an infinite
 loop that is bounded by a `select` call. The `select` call is the point where
 our method hands back control to the engine (and the kernel) so that we can
 sleep until something of interest wakes us up. In this loop we must wait until
-we get a shutdown event from the engine via the `<-obj.init.Done` channel, which
+we get a shutdown event from the engine via the `<-ctx.Done()` channel, which
 closes when we'd like to shut everything down. At this point you should cleanup,
 and let `Watch` close.
 
 #### Events
 
-If the  `<-obj.init.Done` channel closes, we should shutdown our resource. When
-When we want to send an event, we use the `Event` helper function. This
-automatically marks the resource state as `dirty`. If you're unsure, it's not
-harmful to send the event. This will ultimately cause `CheckApply` to run. This
-method can block if the resource is being paused.
+If the `<-ctx.Done()` channel closes, we should shutdown our resource. When we
+want to send an event, we use the `Event` helper function. This automatically
+marks the resource state as `dirty`. If you're unsure, it's not harmful to send
+the event. This will ultimately cause `CheckApply` to run. This method can block
+if the resource is being paused.
 
 #### Startup
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ sending out erroneous `Event` messages to keep things alive until it finishes.
 
 ```golang
 // Watch is the listener and main loop for this resource.
-func (obj *FooRes) Watch() error {
+func (obj *FooRes) Watch(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// setup the Foo resource
 	var err error
 	if err, obj.foo = OpenFoo(); err != nil {
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ func (obj *FooRes) Watch() error {
 		case err := <-obj.foo.Errors:
 			return err // will cause a retry or permanent failure
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // signal for shutdown request
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // signal for shutdown request
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -553,11 +553,6 @@ ready to detect changes.
 Event sends an event notifying the engine of a possible state change. It is
 only called from within `Watch`.
 
-### Done
-
-Done is a channel that closes when the engine wants us to shutdown. It is only
-called from within `Watch`.
-
 ### Refresh
 
 Refresh returns whether the resource received a notification. This flag can be
@@ -582,15 +577,15 @@ It is only called from within `CheckApply`.
 World provides a connection to the outside world. This is most often used for
 communicating with the distributed database. It can be used in `Init`,
 `CheckApply` and `Watch`. Use with discretion and understanding of the internals
-if needed in `Close`.
+if needed in `Cleanup`.
 
 ### VarDir
 
 VarDir is a facility for local storage. It is used to return a path to a
 directory which may be used for temporary storage. It should be cleaned up on
-resource `Close` if the resource would like to delete the contents. The resource
-should not assume that the initial directory is empty, and it should be cleaned
-on `Init` if that is a requirement.
+resource `Cleanup` if the resource would like to delete the contents. The
+resource should not assume that the initial directory is empty, and it should be
+cleaned on `Init` if that is a requirement.
 
 ### Debug
 
@@ -625,7 +620,7 @@ func init() { // special golang method that runs once
 
 To support YAML unmarshalling for your resource, you must implement an
 additional method. It is recommended if you want to use your resource with the
-`Puppet` compiler.
+`yaml` compiler.
 
 ```golang
 UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error // optional
@@ -642,8 +637,8 @@ The signature intentionally matches what is required to satisfy the `go-yaml`
 #### Example
 
 ```golang
-// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct.
-// It is primarily useful for setting the defaults.
+// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct. It is
+// primarily useful for setting the defaults.
 func (obj *FooRes) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	type rawRes FooRes // indirection to avoid infinite recursion
 
@@ -680,10 +675,10 @@ receiving one. This can _only_ be done inside of the `CheckApply` function!
 
 ```golang
 // inside CheckApply, probably near the top
-if val, exists := obj.init.Recv()["SomeKey"]; exists {
-	obj.init.Logf("the SomeKey param was sent to us from: %s.%s", val.Res, val.Key)
+if val, exists := obj.init.Recv()["some_key"]; exists {
+	obj.init.Logf("the some_key param was sent to us from: %s.%s", val.Res, val.Key)
 	if val.Changed {
-		obj.init.Logf("the SomeKey param was just updated!")
+		obj.init.Logf("the some_key param was just updated!")
 		// you may want to invalidate some local cache
 	}
 }
@@ -727,16 +722,16 @@ two calls, this is much more difficult. A common example is that a resource
 might want to open a connection to `dbus` or `http` to do resource state testing
 and applying. If the methods are combined, there's no need to open and close
 them twice. A counter argument might be that you could open the connection in
-`Init`, and close it in `Close`, however you might not want that open for the
+`Init`, and close it in `Cleanup`, however you might not want that open for the
 full lifetime of the resource if you only change state occasionally.
 2. Suppose you came up with a really good reason why you wanted the two methods
 to be separate. It turns out that the current `CheckApply` can wrap this easily.
 It would look approximately like this:
 
 ```golang
-func (obj *FooRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *FooRes) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	// my private split implementation of check and apply
-	if c, err := obj.check(); err != nil {
+	if c, err := obj.check(ctx); err != nil {
 		return false, err // we errored
 	} else if c {
 		return true, nil // state was good!
@@ -746,7 +741,7 @@ func (obj *FooRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 		return false, nil // state needs fixing, but apply is false
 	}
 
-	err := obj.apply() // errors if failure or unable to apply
+	err := obj.apply(ctx) // errors if failure or unable to apply
 
 	return false, err // always return false, with an optional error
 }

docs/resources.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ You might want to look at the [generated documentation](https://godoc.org/github
 for more up-to-date information about these resources.
 
 * [Augeas](#Augeas): Manipulate files using augeas.
+* [Consul:KV](#ConsulKV): Set keys in a Consul datastore.
 * [Docker](#Docker):[Container](#Container) Manage docker containers.
 * [Exec](#Exec): Execute shell commands on the system.
 * [File](#File): Manage files and directories.
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ for more up-to-date information about these resources.
 * [Print](#Print): Print messages to the console.
 * [Svc](#Svc): Manage system systemd services.
 * [Test](#Test): A mostly harmless resource that is used for internal testing.
+* [Tftp:File](#TftpFile): Add files to the small embedded embedded tftp server.
+* [Tftp:Server](#TftpServer): Run a small embedded tftp server.
 * [Timer](#Timer): Manage system systemd services.
 * [User](#User): Manage system users.
 * [Virt](#Virt): Manage virtual machines with libvirt.
@@ -69,9 +72,9 @@ identified by a trailing slash in their path name. File have no such slash.
 It has the following properties:
 
 * `path`: absolute file path (directories have a trailing slash here)
+* `state`: either `exists`, `absent`, or undefined
 * `content`: raw file content
-* `state`: either `exists` (the default value) or `absent`
-* `mode`: octal unix file permissions
+* `mode`: octal unix file permissions or symbolic string
 * `owner`: username or uid for the file owner
 * `group`: group name or gid for the file group
 
@@ -79,6 +82,16 @@ It has the following properties:
 
 The path property specifies the file or directory that we are managing.
 
+### State
+
+The state property describes the action we'd like to apply for the resource. The
+possible values are: `exists` and `absent`. If you do not specify either of
+these, it is undefined. Without specifying this value as `exists`, another param
+cannot cause a file to get implicitly created. When specifying this value as
+`absent`, you should not specify any other params that would normally change the
+file. For example, if you specify `content` and this param is `absent`, then you
+will get an engine validation error.
+
 ### Content
 
 The content property is a string that specifies the desired file contents.
@@ -88,10 +101,12 @@ The content property is a string that specifies the desired file contents.
 The source property points to a source file or directory path that we wish to
 copy over and use as the desired contents for our resource.
 
-### State
+### Fragments
 
-The state property describes the action we'd like to apply for the resource. The
-possible values are: `exists` and `absent`.
+The fragments property lets you specify a list of files to concatenate together
+to make up the contents of this file. They will be combined in the order that
+they are listed in. If one of the files specified is a directory, then the
+files in that top-level directory will be themselves combined together and used.
 
 ### Recurse
 
@@ -104,6 +119,12 @@ The force property is required if we want the file resource to be able to change
 a file into a directory or vice-versa. If such a change is needed, but the force
 property is not set to `true`, then this file resource will error.
 
+### Purge
+
+The purge property is used when this file represents a directory, and we'd like
+to remove any unmanaged files from within it. Please note that any unmanaged
+files in a directory with this flag set will be irreversibly deleted.
+
 ## Group
 
 The group resource manages the system groups from `/etc/group`.
@@ -206,6 +227,16 @@ The service resource is still very WIP. Please help us by improving it!
 
 The test resource is mostly harmless and is used for internal tests.
 
+## Tftp:File
+
+This adds files to the running tftp server. It's useful because it allows you to
+add individual files without needing to create them on disk.
+
+## Tftp:Server
+
+Run a small embedded tftp server. This doesn't apply any state, but instead runs
+a pure golang tftp server in the Watch loop.
+
 ## Timer
 
 This resource needs better documentation. Please help us by improving it!

docs/style-guide.md

@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ Occasionally inline, two line source code comments are used within a function.
 These should usually be balanced so that you don't have one line with 78
 characters and the second with only four. Split the comment between the two.
 
+### Default values
+
+Whenever a constant or function parameter is defined, try and have the safer or
+default value be the `zero` value. For example, instead of `const NoDanger`, use
+`const AllowDanger` so that the `false` value is the safe scenario.
+
 ### Method receiver naming
 
 [Contrary](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments#receiver-names)
@@ -84,6 +90,75 @@ func (obj *Foo) Bar(baz string) int {
 }
 ```
 
+### Variable naming
+
+We prefer shorter, scoped variables rather than `unnecessarilyLongIdentifiers`.
+Remember the scoping rules and feel free to use new variables where appropriate.
+For example, in a short string snippet you can use `s` instead of `myString`, as
+well as other common choices. `i` is a common `int` counter, `f` for files, `fn`
+for functions, `x` for something else and so on.
+
+### Variable re-use
+
+Feel free to create and use new variables instead of attempting to re-use the
+same string. For example, if a function input arg is named `s`, you can use a
+new variable to receive the first computation result on `s` instead of storing
+it back into the original `s`. This avoids confusion if a different part of the
+code wants to read the original input, and it avoids any chance of edit by
+reference of the original callers copy of the variable.
+
+#### Example
+
+```golang
+MyNotIdealFunc(s string, b bool) string {
+	if !b {
+		return s + "hey"
+	}
+	s = strings.Replace(s, "blah", "", -1) // not ideal (re-use of `s` var)
+	return s
+}
+
+MyOkayFunc(s string, b bool) string {
+	if !b {
+		return s + "hey"
+	}
+	s2 := strings.Replace(s, "blah", "", -1) // doesn't re-use `s` variable
+	return s2
+}
+
+MyGreatFunc(s string, b bool) string {
+	if !b {
+		return s + "hey"
+	}
+	return strings.Replace(s, "blah", "", -1) // even cleaner
+}
+```
+
+### Constants in code
+
+If a function takes a specifier (often a bool) it's sometimes better to name
+that variable (often with a `const`) rather than leaving a naked `bool` in the
+code. For example, `x := MyFoo("blah", false)` is less clear than
+`const useMagic = false; x := MyFoo("blah", useMagic)`.
+
+### Empty slice declarations
+
+When declaring a new empty slice, there are three different mechanisms:
+
+1. `a := []string{}`
+
+2. `var a []string`
+
+3. `a := make([]string, 0)`
+
+In general, we prefer the first method because we find that it is succinct, and
+very readable. The third method is the least recommended because you're adding
+extra data that a smart compiler could probably figure out on its own. There are
+performance implications between these three methods, so unless your code is in
+a fast path or memory constrained environment where this matters (and that you
+ideally have proof of this) please use the methods as ordered as much as
+possible.
+
 ### Consistent ordering
 
 In general we try to preserve a logical ordering in source files which usually
@@ -96,6 +171,23 @@ declared in the interface.
 When implementing code for the various types in the language, please follow this
 order: `bool`, `str`, `int`, `float`, `list`, `map`, `struct`, `func`.
 
+For other aspects where you have a set of items, try to be internally consistent
+as well. For example, if you have two switch statements with `A`, `B`, and `C`,
+please use the same ordering for these elements elsewhere that they appear in
+the code and in the commentary if it is not illogical to do so.
+
+### Product identifiers
+
+Try to avoid references in the code to `mgmt` or a specific program name string
+if possible. This makes it easier to rename code if we ever pick a better name
+or support `libmgmt` better if we embed it. You can use the `Program` variable
+which is available in numerous places if you want a string to put in the logs.
+
+It is also recommended to avoid the `go` (programming language name) string if
+possible. Try to use `golang` if required, since the word `go` is already
+overloaded, and in particular it was even already used by the
+[`go!`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go!_(programming_language)).
+
 ## Overview for mcl code
 
 The `mcl` language is quite new, so this guide will probably change over time as

engine/autoedge.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -68,7 +80,8 @@ type AutoEdge interface {
 	Test([]bool) bool // call until false
 }
 
-// ResUID is a unique identifier for a resource, namely it's name, and the kind ("type").
+// ResUID is a unique identifier for a resource, namely it's name, and the kind
+// ("type").
 type ResUID interface {
 	fmt.Stringer // String() string
 
@@ -104,9 +117,9 @@ func (obj *BaseUID) String() string {
 }
 
 // IFF looks at two UID's and if and only if they are equivalent, returns true.
-// If they are not equivalent, it returns false.
-// Most resources will want to override this method, since it does the important
-// work of actually discerning if two resources are identical in function.
+// If they are not equivalent, it returns false. Most resources will want to
+// override this method, since it does the important work of actually discerning
+// if two resources are identical in function.
 func (obj *BaseUID) IFF(uid ResUID) bool {
 	res, ok := uid.(*BaseUID)
 	if !ok {

engine/autoedge_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,9 +13,21 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package engine
 

engine/autogroup.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -39,10 +51,11 @@ type GroupableRes interface {
 	SetAutoGroupMeta(*AutoGroupMeta)
 
 	// GroupCmp compares two resources and decides if they're suitable for
-	//grouping. This usually needs to be unique to your resource.
+	// grouping. This usually needs to be unique to your resource.
 	GroupCmp(res GroupableRes) error
 
-	// GroupRes groups resource argument (res) into self.
+	// GroupRes groups resource argument (res) into self. Callers of this
+	// method should probably also run SetParent.
 	GroupRes(res GroupableRes) error
 
 	// IsGrouped determines if we are grouped.
@@ -54,8 +67,15 @@ type GroupableRes interface {
 	// GetGroup returns everyone grouped inside me.
 	GetGroup() []GroupableRes // return everyone grouped inside me
 
-	// SetGroup sets the grouped resources into me.
+	// SetGroup sets the grouped resources into me. Callers of this method
+	// should probably also run SetParent.
 	SetGroup([]GroupableRes)
+
+	// Parent returns the parent groupable resource that I am inside of.
+	Parent() GroupableRes
+
+	// SetParent tells a particular grouped resource who their parent is.
+	SetParent(res GroupableRes)
 }
 
 // AutoGroupMeta provides some parameters specific to automatic grouping.

engine/cmp.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -21,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 )
 
 // ResCmp compares two resources by checking multiple aspects. This is the main
@@ -106,6 +119,7 @@ func ResCmp(r1, r2 Res) error {
 			for k := range ix {
 				// compare sub resources
 				if err := ResCmp(ix[k], jx[k]); err != nil {
+					//fmt.Printf("bad Cmp: %+v <> %+v for: %+v <> %+v err: %+v\n", r1, r2, ix[k], jx[k], err)
 					return err
 				}
 			}
@@ -121,14 +135,29 @@ func ResCmp(r1, r2 Res) error {
 		v1 := r1r.Recv()
 		v2 := r2r.Recv()
 
+		// XXX: Our Send/Recv in the lib/main.go doesn't seem to be
+		// pulling this in, so this always compares differently. We can
+		// comment it out for now, since it's not too consequential.
+		// XXX: Find out what the issue is and fix it for here and send.
+		// XXX: The below errors are commented out until this is fixed.
 		if (v1 == nil) != (v2 == nil) { // xor
-			return fmt.Errorf("recv params differ")
+			//return fmt.Errorf("recv params differ")
 		}
 		if v1 != nil && v2 != nil {
-			// TODO: until we hit this code path, don't allow
-			// comparing anything that has this set to non-zero
-			if len(v1) != 0 || len(v2) != 0 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("recv params exist")
+			if len(v1) != len(v2) {
+				//return fmt.Errorf("recv param lengths differ")
+			}
+			for key, send1 := range v1 { // map[string]*engine.Send
+				send2, exists := v2[key]
+				if !exists {
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s doesn't exist", key)
+				}
+				if (send1 == nil) != (send2 == nil) { // xor
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s send differs", key)
+				}
+				if send1 != nil && send2 != nil && send1.Key != send2.Key {
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s send key differs (%v != %v)", key, send1.Key, send2.Key)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -142,13 +171,29 @@ func ResCmp(r1, r2 Res) error {
 		s1 := r1s.Sent()
 		s2 := r2s.Sent()
 
+		// XXX: Our Send/Recv in the lib/main.go doesn't seem to be
+		// pulling this in, so this always compares differently. We can
+		// comment it out for now, since it's not too consequential.
+		// XXX: Find out what the issue is and fix it for here and recv.
+		// XXX: The below errors are commented out until this is fixed.
 		if (s1 == nil) != (s2 == nil) { // xor
-			return fmt.Errorf("send params differ")
+			//return fmt.Errorf("send params differ")
 		}
 		if s1 != nil && s2 != nil {
-			// TODO: until we hit this code path, don't allow
-			// adapting anything that has this set to non-nil
-			return fmt.Errorf("send params exist")
+			// TODO: reflect.DeepEqual?
+			//return fmt.Errorf("send params exist")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// compare meta params for resources with reversible traits
+	r1v, ok1 := r1.(ReversibleRes)
+	r2v, ok2 := r2.(ReversibleRes)
+	if ok1 != ok2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reversible differs") // they must be different (optional)
+	}
+	if ok1 && ok2 {
+		if r1v.ReversibleMeta().Cmp(r2v.ReversibleMeta()) != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reversible differs")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -249,14 +294,29 @@ func AdaptCmp(r1, r2 CompatibleRes) error {
 		v1 := r1r.Recv()
 		v2 := r2r.Recv()
 
+		// XXX: Our Send/Recv in the lib/main.go doesn't seem to be
+		// pulling this in, so this always compares differently. We can
+		// comment it out for now, since it's not too consequential.
+		// XXX: Find out what the issue is and fix it for here and send.
+		// XXX: The below errors are commented out until this is fixed.
 		if (v1 == nil) != (v2 == nil) { // xor
-			return fmt.Errorf("recv params differ")
+			//return fmt.Errorf("recv params differ")
 		}
 		if v1 != nil && v2 != nil {
-			// TODO: until we hit this code path, don't allow
-			// adapting anything that has this set to non-zero
-			if len(v1) != 0 || len(v2) != 0 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("recv params exist")
+			if len(v1) != len(v2) {
+				//return fmt.Errorf("recv param lengths differ")
+			}
+			for key, send1 := range v1 { // map[string]*engine.Send
+				send2, exists := v2[key]
+				if !exists {
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s doesn't exist", key)
+				}
+				if (send1 == nil) != (send2 == nil) { // xor
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s send differs", key)
+				}
+				if send1 != nil && send2 != nil && send1.Key != send2.Key {
+					//return fmt.Errorf("recv param key %s send key differs (%v != %v)", key, send1.Key, send2.Key)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -270,13 +330,29 @@ func AdaptCmp(r1, r2 CompatibleRes) error {
 		s1 := r1s.Sent()
 		s2 := r2s.Sent()
 
+		// XXX: Our Send/Recv in the lib/main.go doesn't seem to be
+		// pulling this in, so this always compares differently. We can
+		// comment it out for now, since it's not too consequential.
+		// XXX: Find out what the issue is and fix it for here and recv.
+		// XXX: The below errors are commented out until this is fixed.
 		if (s1 == nil) != (s2 == nil) { // xor
-			return fmt.Errorf("send params differ")
+			//return fmt.Errorf("send params differ")
 		}
 		if s1 != nil && s2 != nil {
-			// TODO: until we hit this code path, don't allow
-			// adapting anything that has this set to non-nil
-			return fmt.Errorf("send params exist")
+			// TODO: reflect.DeepEqual?
+			//return fmt.Errorf("send params exist")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// compare meta params for resources with reversible traits
+	r1v, ok1 := r1.(ReversibleRes)
+	r2v, ok2 := r2.(ReversibleRes)
+	if ok1 != ok2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reversible differs") // they must be different (optional)
+	}
+	if ok1 && ok2 {
+		if r1v.ReversibleMeta().Cmp(r2v.ReversibleMeta()) != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reversible differs")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -296,9 +372,11 @@ func VertexCmpFn(v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex) (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("v2 is not a Res")
 	}
 
-	if ResCmp(r1, r2) != nil {
+	if err := ResCmp(r1, r2); err != nil {
+		//fmt.Printf("bad Cmp: %p %+v <> %p %+v err: %+v\n", r1, r1, r2, r2, err)
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	//fmt.Printf("ok Cmp: %p %+v <> %p %+v\n", r1, r1, r2, r2)
 
 	return true, nil
 }
@@ -317,3 +395,55 @@ func EdgeCmpFn(e1, e2 pgraph.Edge) (bool, error) {
 	}
 	return edge1.Cmp(edge2) == nil, nil
 }
+
+// ResGraphMapper compares two graphs, and gives us a mapping from new to old
+// based on the resource kind and name only. This allows us to know which
+// previous resource might have data to pass on to the new version in the next
+// generation.
+// FIXME: Optimize this for performance since it runs a lot...
+func ResGraphMapper(oldGraph, newGraph *pgraph.Graph) (map[RecvableRes]RecvableRes, error) {
+	mapper := make(map[RecvableRes]RecvableRes) // new -> old based on name and kind only?
+	cmp := func(r1, r2 Res) error {
+		if r1.Kind() != r2.Kind() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("kind differs")
+		}
+		if r1.Name() != r2.Name() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("name differs")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// XXX: run this as a topological sort or reverse topological sort?
+	for v := range newGraph.Adjacency() { // loop through the vertices (resources)
+		r, ok := v.(RecvableRes)
+		if !ok {
+			continue // skip
+		}
+		fn := func(vv pgraph.Vertex) (bool, error) {
+			rr, ok := vv.(Res)
+			if !ok {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("not a Res")
+			}
+
+			if err := cmp(rr, r); err != nil {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			return true, nil
+		}
+		vertex, err := oldGraph.VertexMatchFn(fn)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "VertexMatchFn failed")
+		}
+		if vertex == nil {
+			continue // skip (error?)
+		}
+		res, ok := vertex.(RecvableRes)
+		if !ok {
+			continue // skip (error?)
+		}
+
+		mapper[r] = res
+	}
+
+	return mapper, nil
+}

engine/copy.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -81,6 +93,7 @@ func ResCopy(r CopyableRes) (CopyableRes, error) {
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("resource wasn't groupable")
 			}
+			g2.SetParent(dst) // store who my parent is
 			grouped = append(grouped, g2)
 		}
 		dst.SetGroup(grouped)
@@ -106,6 +119,16 @@ func ResCopy(r CopyableRes) (CopyableRes, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// copy meta params for resources with reversible traits
+	if x, ok := r.(ReversibleRes); ok {
+		dst, ok := res.(ReversibleRes)
+		if !ok {
+			// programming error
+			panic("reversible interfaces are illogical")
+		}
+		dst.SetReversibleMeta(x.ReversibleMeta()) // no need to copy atm
+	}
+
 	return res, nil
 }
 

engine/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+// Package engine represents the implementation of the resource engine that runs
+// the graph of resources in real-time. This package has the common imports that
+// most consumers use directly.
+package engine

engine/edge.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 

engine/error.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -26,4 +38,7 @@ func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
 const (
 	// ErrClosed means we couldn't complete a task because we had closed.
 	ErrClosed = Error("closed")
+
+	// ErrBackPoke means we're postponing due to a needed backpoke.
+	ErrBackPoke = Error("backpoke")
 )

engine/fs.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -23,39 +35,64 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 )
 
-// from the ioutil package:
-// NopCloser(r io.Reader) io.ReadCloser // not implemented here
-// ReadAll(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error)
-// ReadDir(dirname string) ([]os.FileInfo, error)
-// ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error)
-// TempDir(dir, prefix string) (name string, err error)
-// TempFile(dir, prefix string) (f *os.File, err error) // slightly different here
-// WriteFile(filename string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error
-
-// Fs is an interface that represents this file system API that we support.
-// TODO: this should be in the gapi package or elsewhere.
+// Fs is an interface that represents the file system API that we support.
+// TODO: rename this to FS for consistency with the io/fs.FS naming scheme
 type Fs interface {
 	//fmt.Stringer // TODO: add this method?
-	afero.Fs     // TODO: why doesn't this interface exist in the os pkg?
+
+	// URI returns a unique string handle to access this filesystem.
 	URI() string // returns the URI for this file system
 
-	//DirExists(path string) (bool, error)
-	//Exists(path string) (bool, error)
-	//FileContainsAnyBytes(filename string, subslices [][]byte) (bool, error)
-	//FileContainsBytes(filename string, subslice []byte) (bool, error)
-	//FullBaseFsPath(basePathFs *BasePathFs, relativePath string) string
-	//GetTempDir(subPath string) string
-	//IsDir(path string) (bool, error)
-	//IsEmpty(path string) (bool, error)
-	//NeuterAccents(s string) string
-	//ReadAll(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) // not needed, same as ioutil
+	afero.Fs // TODO: why doesn't this interface exist in the os pkg?
+
+	// FS is the read-only filesystem interface from the io/fs.FS package.
+	//fs.FS // io/fs.FS
+
+	// ReadDir reads the named directory and returns a list of directory
+	// entries sorted by filename.
+	//
+	// This mimics the signature from io/fs.ReadDirFS and has the same docs.
+	//
+	// XXX: Not currently implemented because of legacy Afero.Fs above
+	//ReadDir(name string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error) // io/fs.ReadDirFS
+
+	// ReadFile reads the named file and returns its contents. A successful
+	// call returns a nil error, not io.EOF. (Because ReadFile reads the
+	// whole file, the expected EOF from the final Read is not treated as an
+	// error to be reported.)
+	//
+	// The caller is permitted to modify the returned byte slice. This
+	// method should return a copy of the underlying data.
+	//
+	// This mimics the signature from io/fs.ReadFileFS and has the same
+	// docs.
+	ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error) // io/fs.ReadFileFS
+
+	// Stat returns a FileInfo describing the file. If there is an error, it
+	// should be of type *fs.PathError.
+	//
+	// This mimics the signature from io/fs.StatFS and has the same docs.
+	//
+	// XXX: Not currently implemented because of legacy Afero.Fs above
+	//Stat(name string) (FileInfo, error) // io/fs.StatFS
+
+	// afero.Fs versions:
+
 	ReadDir(dirname string) ([]os.FileInfo, error)
-	ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error)
-	//SafeWriteReader(path string, r io.Reader) (err error)
-	TempDir(dir, prefix string) (name string, err error)
-	TempFile(dir, prefix string) (f afero.File, err error) // slightly different from upstream
-	//UnicodeSanitize(s string) string
-	//Walk(root string, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error
-	WriteFile(filename string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error
-	//WriteReader(path string, r io.Reader) (err error)
+}
+
+// WriteableFS is our internal filesystem interface for filesystems we write to.
+// It can wrap whatever implementations we want.
+type WriteableFS interface {
+	Fs
+
+	// WriteFile writes data to the named file, creating it if necessary. If
+	// the file does not exist, WriteFile creates it with permissions perm
+	// (before umask); otherwise WriteFile truncates it before writing,
+	// without changing permissions. Since Writefile requires multiple
+	// system calls to complete, a failure mid-operation can leave the file
+	// in a partially written state.
+	//
+	// This mimics the internal os.WriteFile function and has the same docs.
+	WriteFile(name string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error
 }

engine/graph/actions.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,17 +13,31 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
+	engineUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/util"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 
@@ -39,14 +53,18 @@ func (obj *Engine) OKTimestamp(vertex pgraph.Vertex) bool {
 // be bad.
 func (obj *Engine) BadTimestamps(vertex pgraph.Vertex) []pgraph.Vertex {
 	vs := []pgraph.Vertex{}
-	ts := obj.state[vertex].timestamp
+	obj.state[vertex].mutex.RLock()   // concurrent read start
+	ts := obj.state[vertex].timestamp // race
+	obj.state[vertex].mutex.RUnlock() // concurrent read end
 	// these are all the vertices pointing TO vertex, eg: ??? -> vertex
 	for _, v := range obj.graph.IncomingGraphVertices(vertex) {
 		// If the vertex has a greater timestamp than any prerequisite,
 		// then we can't run right now. If they're equal (eg: initially
 		// with a value of 0) then we also can't run because we should
 		// let our pre-requisites go first.
-		t := obj.state[v].timestamp
+		obj.state[v].mutex.RLock()   // concurrent read start
+		t := obj.state[v].timestamp  // race
+		obj.state[v].mutex.RUnlock() // concurrent read end
 		if obj.Debug {
 			obj.Logf("OKTimestamp: %d >= %d (%s): !%t", ts, t, v.String(), ts >= t)
 		}
@@ -59,7 +77,7 @@ func (obj *Engine) BadTimestamps(vertex pgraph.Vertex) []pgraph.Vertex {
 }
 
 // Process is the primary function to execute a particular vertex in the graph.
-func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
+func (obj *Engine) Process(ctx context.Context, vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 	res, isRes := vertex.(engine.Res)
 	if !isRes {
 		return fmt.Errorf("vertex is not a Res")
@@ -83,7 +101,9 @@ func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 
 		}
 		wg.Wait()
-		return nil // can't continue until timestamp is in sequence
+
+		// can't continue until timestamp is in sequence, defer for now
+		return engine.ErrBackPoke
 	}
 
 	// semaphores!
@@ -108,21 +128,41 @@ func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 
 	// sendrecv!
 	// connect any senders to receivers and detect if values changed
+	// this actually checks and sends into resource trees recursively...
 	if res, ok := vertex.(engine.RecvableRes); ok {
-		if updated, err := obj.SendRecv(res); err != nil {
+		if obj.Debug {
+			obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s", res) // receiving here
+		}
+		if updated, err := SendRecv(res, nil); err != nil {
 			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not SendRecv")
 		} else if len(updated) > 0 {
-			for _, changed := range updated {
-				if changed { // at least one was updated
-					// invalidate cache, mark as dirty
-					obj.state[vertex].tuid.StopTimer()
-					obj.state[vertex].isStateOK = false
-					break
+			//for _, s := range graph.UpdatedStrings(updated) {
+			//	obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s", s)
+			//}
+			for r, m := range updated { // map[engine.RecvableRes]map[string]*engine.Send
+				v, ok := r.(pgraph.Vertex)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				_, stateExists := obj.state[v] // autogrouped children probably don't have a state
+				if !stateExists {
+					continue
+				}
+				for s, send := range m {
+					if !send.Changed {
+						continue
+					}
+					obj.Logf("Send/Recv: %v.%s -> %v.%s", send.Res, send.Key, r, s)
+					// if send.Changed == true, at least one was updated
+					// invalidate cache, mark as dirty
+					obj.state[v].setDirty()
+					//break // we might have more vertices now
+				}
+
+				// re-validate after we change any values
+				if err := engine.Validate(r); err != nil {
+					return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "failed Validate after SendRecv")
 				}
-			}
-			// re-validate after we change any values
-			if err := engine.Validate(res); err != nil {
-				return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "failed Validate after SendRecv")
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -144,18 +184,18 @@ func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 	// Check cached state, to skip CheckApply, but can't skip if refreshing!
 	// If the resource doesn't implement refresh, skip the refresh test.
 	// FIXME: if desired, check that we pass through refresh notifications!
-	if (!refresh || !isRefreshableRes) && obj.state[vertex].isStateOK {
+	if (!refresh || !isRefreshableRes) && obj.state[vertex].isStateOK.Load() { // mutex RLock/RUnlock
 		checkOK, err = true, nil
 
 	} else if noop && (refresh && isRefreshableRes) { // had a refresh to do w/ noop!
 		checkOK, err = false, nil // therefore the state is wrong
 
-		// run the CheckApply!
 	} else {
+		// run the CheckApply!
 		obj.Logf("%s: CheckApply(%t)", res, !noop)
 		// if this fails, don't UpdateTimestamp()
-		checkOK, err = res.CheckApply(!noop)
-		obj.Logf("%s: CheckApply(%t): Return(%t, %+v)", res, !noop, checkOK, err)
+		checkOK, err = res.CheckApply(ctx, !noop)
+		obj.Logf("%s: CheckApply(%t): Return(%t, %s)", res, !noop, checkOK, engineUtil.CleanError(err))
 	}
 
 	if checkOK && err != nil { // should never return this way
@@ -172,7 +212,9 @@ func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 	// if CheckApply ran without noop and without error, state should be good
 	if !noop && err == nil { // aka !noop || checkOK
 		obj.state[vertex].tuid.StartTimer()
-		obj.state[vertex].isStateOK = true // reset
+		//obj.state[vertex].mutex.Lock()
+		obj.state[vertex].isStateOK.Store(true) // reset
+		//obj.state[vertex].mutex.Unlock()
 		if refresh {
 			obj.SetUpstreamRefresh(vertex, false) // refresh happened, clear the request
 			if isRefreshableRes {
@@ -209,7 +251,9 @@ func (obj *Engine) Process(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 		wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 		// update this timestamp *before* we poke or the poked
 		// nodes might fail due to having a too old timestamp!
-		obj.state[vertex].timestamp = time.Now().UnixNano() // update timestamp
+		obj.state[vertex].mutex.Lock()                      // concurrent write start
+		obj.state[vertex].timestamp = time.Now().UnixNano() // update timestamp (race)
+		obj.state[vertex].mutex.Unlock()                    // concurrent write end
 		for _, v := range obj.graph.OutgoingGraphVertices(vertex) {
 			if !obj.OKTimestamp(v) {
 				// there is at least another one that will poke this...
@@ -255,6 +299,16 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("permanently limited (rate != Inf, burst = 0)")
 	}
 
+	// initialize or reinitialize the meta state for this resource uid
+	obj.mlock.Lock()
+	if _, exists := obj.metas[engine.PtrUID(res)]; !exists || res.MetaParams().Reset {
+		obj.metas[engine.PtrUID(res)] = &engine.MetaState{
+			CheckApplyRetry: res.MetaParams().Retry, // lookup the retry value
+		}
+	}
+	metas := obj.metas[engine.PtrUID(res)] // handle
+	obj.mlock.Unlock()
+
 	//defer close(obj.state[vertex].stopped) // done signal
 
 	obj.state[vertex].cuid = obj.Converger.Register()
@@ -272,7 +326,7 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 		defer close(obj.state[vertex].eventsChan) // we close this on behalf of res
 
 		// This is a close reverse-multiplexer. If any of the channels
-		// close, then it will cause the doneChan to close. That way,
+		// close, then it will cause the doneCtx to cancel. That way,
 		// multiple different folks can send a close signal, without
 		// every worrying about duplicate channel close panics.
 		obj.state[vertex].wg.Add(1)
@@ -284,12 +338,13 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 			case <-obj.state[vertex].processDone:
 			case <-obj.state[vertex].watchDone:
 			case <-obj.state[vertex].limitDone:
+			case <-obj.state[vertex].retryDone:
 			case <-obj.state[vertex].removeDone:
 			case <-obj.state[vertex].eventsDone:
 			}
 
 			// the main "done" signal gets activated here!
-			close(obj.state[vertex].doneChan)
+			obj.state[vertex].doneCtxCancel() // cancels doneCtx
 		}()
 
 		var err error
@@ -308,7 +363,7 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 						case <-timer.C: // the wait is over
 							return errDelayExpired // special
 
-						case <-obj.state[vertex].init.Done:
+						case <-obj.state[vertex].doneCtx.Done():
 							return nil
 						}
 					}
@@ -319,13 +374,21 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 				}
 			} else if interval := res.MetaParams().Poll; interval > 0 { // poll instead of watching :(
 				obj.state[vertex].cuid.StartTimer()
-				err = obj.state[vertex].poll(interval)
+				err = obj.state[vertex].poll(obj.state[vertex].doneCtx, interval)
 				obj.state[vertex].cuid.StopTimer() // clean up nicely
 			} else {
 				obj.state[vertex].cuid.StartTimer()
-				obj.Logf("Watch(%s)", vertex)
-				err = res.Watch() // run the watch normally
-				obj.Logf("Watch(%s): Exited(%+v)", vertex, err)
+				if obj.Debug {
+					obj.Logf("%s: Watch...", vertex)
+				}
+				err = res.Watch(obj.state[vertex].doneCtx) // run the watch normally
+				if obj.Debug {
+					if s := engineUtil.CleanError(err); err != nil {
+						obj.Logf("%s: Watch Error: %s", vertex, s)
+					} else {
+						obj.Logf("%s: Watch Exited...", vertex)
+					}
+				}
 				obj.state[vertex].cuid.StopTimer() // clean up nicely
 			}
 			if err == nil { // || err == engine.ErrClosed
@@ -359,13 +422,19 @@ func (obj *Engine) Worker(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 
 	// If this exits cleanly, we must unblock the reverse-multiplexer.
 	// I think this additional close is unnecessary, but it's not harmful.
-	defer close(obj.state[vertex].eventsDone) // causes doneChan to close
+	defer close(obj.state[vertex].eventsDone) // causes doneCtx to cancel
 	limiter := rate.NewLimiter(res.MetaParams().Limit, res.MetaParams().Burst)
 	var reserv *rate.Reservation
 	var reterr error
 	var failed bool // has Process permanently failed?
+	var closed bool // has the resumeSignal channel closed?
 Loop:
 	for { // process loop
+		// This is the main select where things happen and where we exit
+		// from. It's similar to the two "satellite" select's which we
+		// might spend some time in if we're retrying or rate limiting.
+		// This select is also the main event receiver and is also the
+		// only place where we read from the poke channel.
 		select {
 		case err, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].eventsChan: // read from watch channel
 			if !ok {
@@ -376,7 +445,7 @@ Loop:
 			// we then save so we can return it to the caller of us.
 			if err != nil {
 				failed = true
-				close(obj.state[vertex].watchDone)   // causes doneChan to close
+				close(obj.state[vertex].watchDone)   // causes doneCtx to cancel
 				reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, err) // permanent failure
 				continue
 			}
@@ -394,9 +463,33 @@ Loop:
 				obj.Logf("poke received")
 			}
 			reserv = nil // we didn't receive a real event here...
-		}
-		if failed { // don't Process anymore if we've already failed...
-			continue Loop
+
+		case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal: // one message
+			if !ok {
+				obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal = nil
+				continue // this is not a new pause message
+			}
+			// NOTE: If we allowed a doneCtx below to let us out
+			// of the resumeSignal wait, then we could loop around
+			// and run this again, causing a panic. Instead of this
+			// being made safe with a sync.Once, we instead run a
+			// close() call inside of the vertexRemoveFn function,
+			// which should unblock resumeSignal so we can shutdown.
+
+			// we are paused now, and waiting for resume or exit...
+			select {
+			case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].resumeSignal: // channel closes
+				if !ok {
+					closed = true
+				}
+				// resumed!
+				// pass through to allow a Process to try to run
+				// TODO: consider adding this fast pause here...
+				//if obj.fastPause {
+				//	obj.Logf("fast pausing on resume")
+				//	continue
+				//}
+			}
 		}
 
 		// drop redundant pokes
@@ -408,31 +501,8 @@ Loop:
 			}
 		}
 
-		// pause if one was requested...
-		select {
-		case <-obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal: // channel closes
-			// NOTE: If we allowed a doneChan below to let us out
-			// of the resumeSignal wait, then we could loop around
-			// and run this again, causing a panic. Instead of this
-			// being made safe with a sync.Once, we instead run a
-			// Resume() call inside of the vertexRemoveFn function,
-			// which should unblock it when we're going to need to.
-			obj.state[vertex].pausedAck.Ack() // send ack
-			// we are paused now, and waiting for resume or exit...
-			select {
-			case <-obj.state[vertex].resumeSignal: // channel closes
-				// resumed!
-				// pass through to allow a Process to try to run
-				// TODO: consider adding this fast pause here...
-				//if obj.fastPause {
-				//	obj.Logf("fast pausing on resume")
-				//	continue
-				//}
-			}
-		default:
-			// no pause requested, keep going...
-		}
-		if failed { // don't Process anymore if we've already failed...
+		// don't Process anymore if we've already failed or shutdown...
+		if failed || closed {
 			continue Loop
 		}
 
@@ -442,10 +512,13 @@ Loop:
 			d = reserv.DelayFrom(time.Now())
 		}
 		if reserv != nil && d > 0 { // delay
-			obj.state[vertex].init.Logf("limited (rate: %v/sec, burst: %d, next: %v)", res.MetaParams().Limit, res.MetaParams().Burst, d)
+			obj.state[vertex].init.Logf("limited (rate: %v/sec, burst: %d, next: %dms)", res.MetaParams().Limit, res.MetaParams().Burst, d/time.Millisecond)
 			timer := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(d) * time.Millisecond)
 		LimitWait:
 			for {
+				// This "satellite" select doesn't need a poke
+				// channel because we're already in "event
+				// received" mode, and poke doesn't block.
 				select {
 				case <-timer.C: // the wait is over
 					break LimitWait
@@ -457,7 +530,7 @@ Loop:
 					}
 					if e != nil {
 						failed = true
-						close(obj.state[vertex].limitDone) // causes doneChan to close
+						close(obj.state[vertex].limitDone) // causes doneCtx to cancel
 						reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, e) // permanent failure
 						break LimitWait
 					}
@@ -466,19 +539,34 @@ Loop:
 					}
 					// TODO: does this get added in properly?
 					limiter.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1) // one event
+
+				// this pause/resume block is the same as the upper main one
+				case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal:
+					if !ok {
+						obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal = nil
+						break LimitWait
+					}
+					select {
+					case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].resumeSignal: // channel closes
+						if !ok {
+							closed = true
+						}
+						// resumed!
+					}
 				}
 			}
 			timer.Stop() // it's nice to cleanup
 			obj.state[vertex].init.Logf("rate limiting expired!")
 		}
-		if failed { // don't Process anymore if we've already failed...
+		// don't Process anymore if we've already failed or shutdown...
+		if failed || closed {
 			continue Loop
 		}
 		// end of limit delay
 
 		// retry...
 		var err error
-		var retry = res.MetaParams().Retry // lookup the retry value
+		//var retry = res.MetaParams().Retry // lookup the retry value
 		var delay uint64
 	RetryLoop:
 		for { // retry loop
@@ -486,6 +574,10 @@ Loop:
 				timer := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(delay) * time.Millisecond)
 			RetryWait:
 				for {
+					// This "satellite" select doesn't need
+					// a poke channel because we're already
+					// in "event received" mode, and poke
+					// doesn't block.
 					select {
 					case <-timer.C: // the wait is over
 						break RetryWait
@@ -497,7 +589,7 @@ Loop:
 						}
 						if e != nil {
 							failed = true
-							close(obj.state[vertex].limitDone) // causes doneChan to close
+							close(obj.state[vertex].retryDone) // causes doneCtx to cancel
 							reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, e) // permanent failure
 							break RetryWait
 						}
@@ -506,38 +598,68 @@ Loop:
 						}
 						// TODO: does this get added in properly?
 						limiter.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1) // one event
+
+					// this pause/resume block is the same as the upper main one
+					case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal:
+						if !ok {
+							obj.state[vertex].pauseSignal = nil
+							break RetryWait
+						}
+						select {
+						case _, ok := <-obj.state[vertex].resumeSignal: // channel closes
+							if !ok {
+								closed = true
+							}
+							// resumed!
+						}
 					}
 				}
 				timer.Stop() // it's nice to cleanup
 				delay = 0    // reset
 				obj.state[vertex].init.Logf("the CheckApply delay expired!")
 			}
-			if failed { // don't Process anymore if we've already failed...
+			// don't Process anymore if we've already failed or shutdown...
+			if failed || closed {
 				continue Loop
 			}
 
 			if obj.Debug {
 				obj.Logf("Process(%s)", vertex)
 			}
-			err = obj.Process(vertex)
-			if obj.Debug {
-				obj.Logf("Process(%s): Return(%+v)", vertex, err)
+			backPoke := false
+			err = obj.Process(obj.state[vertex].doneCtx, vertex)
+			if err == engine.ErrBackPoke {
+				backPoke = true
+				err = nil // for future code safety
 			}
-			if err == nil {
+			if obj.Debug && backPoke {
+				obj.Logf("Process(%s): BackPoke!", vertex)
+			}
+			if obj.Debug && !backPoke {
+				obj.Logf("Process(%s): Return(%s)", vertex, engineUtil.CleanError(err))
+			}
+			if err == nil && !backPoke && res.MetaParams().RetryReset { // reset it on success!
+				metas.CheckApplyRetry = res.MetaParams().Retry // lookup the retry value
+			}
+			if err == nil || backPoke {
 				break RetryLoop
 			}
 			// we've got an error...
 			delay = res.MetaParams().Delay
 
-			if retry < 0 { // infinite retries
+			if metas.CheckApplyRetry < 0 { // infinite retries
 				continue
 			}
-			if retry > 0 { // don't decrement past 0
-				retry--
-				obj.state[vertex].init.Logf("retrying CheckApply after %.4f seconds (%d left)", float64(delay)/1000, retry)
+			if metas.CheckApplyRetry > 0 { // don't decrement past 0
+				metas.CheckApplyRetry--
+				obj.state[vertex].init.Logf(
+					"retrying CheckApply after %.4f seconds (%d left)",
+					float64(delay)/1000,
+					metas.CheckApplyRetry,
+				)
 				continue
 			}
-			//if retry == 0 { // optional
+			//if metas.CheckApplyRetry == 0 { // optional
 			//	err = errwrap.Wrapf(err, "permanent process error")
 			//}
 
@@ -545,7 +667,7 @@ Loop:
 			// this dies. If Process fails permanently, we ask it
 			// to exit right here... (It happens when we loop...)
 			failed = true
-			close(obj.state[vertex].processDone) // causes doneChan to close
+			close(obj.state[vertex].processDone) // causes doneCtx to cancel
 			reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, err) // permanent failure
 			continue
 

engine/graph/autoedge.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 

engine/graph/autoedge/autoedge.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package autoedge
 
@@ -89,6 +101,9 @@ func AutoEdge(graph *pgraph.Graph, debug bool, logf func(format string, v ...int
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	// It would be great to ensure we didn't add any graph cycles here, but
+	// instead of checking now, we'll move the check into the main loop.
 	return nil
 }
 

engine/graph/autogroup.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 
@@ -74,10 +86,10 @@ func (obj *wrappedGrouper) VertexCmp(v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("v2 is not a GroupableRes")
 	}
 
-	if r1.Kind() != r2.Kind() { // we must group similar kinds
-		// TODO: maybe future resources won't need this limitation?
-		return fmt.Errorf("the two resources aren't the same kind")
-	}
+	// Some resources of different kinds can now group together!
+	//if r1.Kind() != r2.Kind() { // we must group similar kinds
+	//	return fmt.Errorf("the two resources aren't the same kind")
+	//}
 	// someone doesn't want to group!
 	if r1.AutoGroupMeta().Disabled || r2.AutoGroupMeta().Disabled {
 		return fmt.Errorf("one of the autogroup flags is false")
@@ -109,6 +121,7 @@ func (obj *wrappedGrouper) VertexMerge(v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex) (v pgraph.Vertex, e
 	if err = r1.GroupRes(r2); err != nil { // GroupRes skips stupid groupings
 		return // return early on error
 	}
+	r2.SetParent(r1) // store who my parent is
 
 	// merging two resources into one should yield the sum of their semas
 	if semas := r2.MetaParams().Sema; len(semas) > 0 {

engine/graph/autogroup/autogroup.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package autogroup
 
@@ -54,7 +66,7 @@ func AutoGroup(ag engine.AutoGrouper, g *pgraph.Graph, debug bool, logf func(for
 			logf("!VertexMerge for: %s into: %s", wStr, vStr)
 
 		} else { // success!
-			logf("success for: %s into: %s", wStr, vStr)
+			logf("%s into %s", wStr, vStr)
 			merged = true // woo
 		}
 
@@ -66,5 +78,8 @@ func AutoGroup(ag engine.AutoGrouper, g *pgraph.Graph, debug bool, logf func(for
 		}
 	}
 
+	// It would be great to ensure we didn't add any graph cycles here, but
+	// instead of checking now, we'll move the check into the main loop.
+
 	return nil
 }

engine/graph/autogroup/autogroup_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,13 +13,26 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package autogroup
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
@@ -62,15 +75,15 @@ func (obj *NoopResTest) Init(init *engine.Init) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (obj *NoopResTest) Close() error {
+func (obj *NoopResTest) Cleanup() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (obj *NoopResTest) Watch() error {
+func (obj *NoopResTest) Watch(context.Context) error {
 	return nil // not needed
 }
 
-func (obj *NoopResTest) CheckApply(apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error) {
+func (obj *NoopResTest) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error) {
 	return true, nil // state is always okay
 }
 
@@ -189,6 +202,8 @@ func (obj *testGrouper) VertexMerge(v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex) (v pgraph.Vertex, err
 	if err := r1.GroupRes(r2); err != nil { // group them first
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	r2.SetParent(r1) // store who my parent is
+
 	// HACK: update the name so it matches full list of self+grouped
 	res := v1.(engine.GroupableRes)
 	names := strings.Split(res.Name(), ",") // load in stored names
@@ -595,10 +610,12 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping11(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // simple merge 1
 // a1   a2         a1,a2
 //   \ /     >>>     |     (arrows point downwards)
 //    b              b
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping12(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -620,10 +637,12 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping12(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // simple merge 2
 //    b              b
 //   / \     >>>     |     (arrows point downwards)
 // a1   a2         a1,a2
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping13(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -645,10 +664,12 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping13(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // triple merge
 // a1 a2  a3         a1,a2,a3
 //   \ | /     >>>       |      (arrows point downwards)
 //     b                 b
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping14(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -673,12 +694,14 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping14(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // chain merge
 //    a1             a1
 //   /  \             |
 // b1    b2   >>>   b1,b2   (arrows point downwards)
 //   \  /             |
 //    c1             c1
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping15(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -708,6 +731,7 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping15(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // re-attach 1 (outer)
 // technically the second possibility is valid too, depending on which order we
 // merge edges in, and if we don't filter out any unnecessary edges afterwards!
@@ -716,6 +740,7 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping15(t *testing.T) {
 // b1  /      >>>    b1     OR    b1  /   (arrows point downwards)
 //  | /               |            | /
 // c1                c1           c1
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping16(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -730,25 +755,40 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping16(t *testing.T) {
 		g1.AddEdge(b1, c1, e2)
 		g1.AddEdge(a2, c1, e3)
 	}
-	g2, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g2") // expected result
+	//g2, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g2") // expected result
+	//{
+	//	a := NewNoopResTest("a1,a2")
+	//	b1 := NewNoopResTest("b1")
+	//	c1 := NewNoopResTest("c1")
+	//	e1 := NE("e1,e3")
+	//	e2 := NE("e2,e3") // e3 gets "merged through" to BOTH edges!
+	//	g2.AddEdge(a, b1, e1)
+	//	g2.AddEdge(b1, c1, e2)
+	//}
+	//runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
+	g3, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g3") // alternative expected result
 	{
 		a := NewNoopResTest("a1,a2")
 		b1 := NewNoopResTest("b1")
 		c1 := NewNoopResTest("c1")
-		e1 := NE("e1,e3")
-		e2 := NE("e2,e3") // e3 gets "merged through" to BOTH edges!
-		g2.AddEdge(a, b1, e1)
-		g2.AddEdge(b1, c1, e2)
+		e1 := NE("e1")
+		e2 := NE("e2")
+		e3 := NE("e3")
+		g3.AddEdge(a, b1, e1)
+		g3.AddEdge(b1, c1, e2)
+		g3.AddEdge(a, c1, e3)
 	}
-	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
+	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g3)
 }
 
+/*
 // re-attach 2 (inner)
 // a1    b2          a1
 //  |   /             |
 // b1  /      >>>   b1,b2   (arrows point downwards)
 //  | /               |
 // c1                c1
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping17(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -776,13 +816,16 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping17(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // re-attach 3 (double)
 // similar to "re-attach 1", technically there is a second possibility for this
-// a2   a1    b2         a1,a2
-//   \   |   /             |
-//    \ b1  /      >>>   b1,b2   (arrows point downwards)
-//     \ | /               |
-//      c1                c1
+// TODO: verify this second possibility manually
+// a2   a1    b2         a1,a2        a1,a2
+//   \   |   /             |            |   \
+//    \ b1  /      >>>   b1,b2   OR   b1,b2 /   (arrows point downwards)
+//     \ | /               |            |  /
+//      c1                c1           c1
+*/
 func TestPgraphGrouping18(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -800,23 +843,38 @@ func TestPgraphGrouping18(t *testing.T) {
 		g1.AddEdge(a2, c1, e3)
 		g1.AddEdge(b2, c1, e4)
 	}
-	g2, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g2") // expected result
+	//g2, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g2") // expected result
+	//{
+	//	a := NewNoopResTest("a1,a2")
+	//	b := NewNoopResTest("b1,b2")
+	//	c1 := NewNoopResTest("c1")
+	//	e1 := NE("e1,e3")
+	//	e2 := NE("e2,e3,e4") // e3 gets "merged through" to BOTH edges!
+	//	g2.AddEdge(a, b, e1)
+	//	g2.AddEdge(b, c1, e2)
+	//}
+	//runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
+	g3, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g3") // alternative expected result
 	{
 		a := NewNoopResTest("a1,a2")
 		b := NewNoopResTest("b1,b2")
 		c1 := NewNoopResTest("c1")
-		e1 := NE("e1,e3")
-		e2 := NE("e2,e3,e4") // e3 gets "merged through" to BOTH edges!
-		g2.AddEdge(a, b, e1)
-		g2.AddEdge(b, c1, e2)
+		e1 := NE("e1")
+		e2 := NE("e2,e4")
+		e3 := NE("e3")
+		g3.AddEdge(a, b, e1)
+		g3.AddEdge(b, c1, e2)
+		g3.AddEdge(a, c1, e3)
 	}
-	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
+	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g3)
 }
 
+/*
 // connected merge 0, (no change!)
 // a1            a1
 //   \     >>>     \     (arrows point downwards)
 //    a2            a2
+*/
 func TestPgraphGroupingConnected0(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{
@@ -835,12 +893,14 @@ func TestPgraphGroupingConnected0(t *testing.T) {
 	runGraphCmp(t, g1, g2)
 }
 
+/*
 // connected merge 1, (no change!)
 // a1              a1
 //   \               \
 //    b      >>>      b      (arrows point downwards)
 //     \               \
 //      a2              a2
+*/
 func TestPgraphGroupingConnected1(t *testing.T) {
 	g1, _ := pgraph.NewGraph("g1") // original graph
 	{

engine/graph/autogroup/base.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package autogroup
 
@@ -43,8 +55,24 @@ func (ag *baseGrouper) Init(g *pgraph.Graph) error {
 	if ag.graph != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("the init method has already been called")
 	}
-	ag.graph = g                            // pointer
-	ag.vertices = ag.graph.VerticesSorted() // cache in deterministic order!
+	ag.graph = g // pointer
+
+	// We sort deterministically, first by kind, and then by name. In
+	// particular, longer kind chunks sort first. So http:ui:text should
+	// appear before http:server and http:ui. This is a hack so that if we
+	// are doing hierarchical automatic grouping, it gives the http:ui:text
+	// a chance to get grouped into http:ui, before http:ui gets grouped
+	// into http:server, because once that happens, http:ui:text will never
+	// get grouped, and this won't work properly. This works, because when
+	// we start comparing iteratively the list of resources, it does this
+	// with a O(n^2) loop that compares the X and Y zero indexes first, and
+	// and then continues along. If the "longer" resources appear first,
+	// then they'll group together first. We should probably put this into
+	// a new Grouper struct, but for now we might as well leave it here.
+	//vertices := ag.graph.VerticesSorted() // formerly
+	vertices := RHVSort(ag.graph.Vertices())
+
+	ag.vertices = vertices // cache in deterministic order!
 	ag.i = 0
 	ag.j = 0
 	if len(ag.vertices) == 0 { // empty graph
@@ -89,6 +117,19 @@ func (ag *baseGrouper) VertexNext() (v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex, err error) {
 			ag.done = true
 		}
 	}
+	// TODO: is this index swap better or even valid?
+	//if ag.i < l {
+	//	ag.i++
+	//}
+	//if ag.i == l {
+	//	ag.i = 0
+	//	if ag.j < l {
+	//		ag.j++
+	//	}
+	//	if ag.j == l {
+	//		ag.done = true
+	//	}
+	//}
 
 	return
 }
@@ -110,7 +151,7 @@ func (ag *baseGrouper) VertexMerge(v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex) (v pgraph.Vertex, err e
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("vertexMerge needs to be overridden")
 }
 
-// EdgeMerge can be overridden, since it just simple returns the first edge.
+// EdgeMerge can be overridden, since it just simply returns the first edge.
 func (ag *baseGrouper) EdgeMerge(e1, e2 pgraph.Edge) pgraph.Edge {
 	return e1 // noop
 }

engine/graph/autogroup/nonreachability.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package autogroup
 

engine/graph/autogroup/util.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,18 +13,35 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package autogroup
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 )
 
-// VertexMerge merges v2 into v1 by reattaching the edges where appropriate,
-// and then by deleting v2 from the graph. Since more than one edge between two
-// vertices is not allowed, duplicate edges are merged as well. an edge merge
+// VertexMerge merges v2 into v1 by reattaching the edges where appropriate, and
+// then by deleting v2 from the graph. Since more than one edge between two
+// vertices is not allowed, duplicate edges are merged as well. An edge merge
 // function can be provided if you'd like to control how you merge the edges!
 func VertexMerge(g *pgraph.Graph, v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex, vertexMergeFn func(pgraph.Vertex, pgraph.Vertex) (pgraph.Vertex, error), edgeMergeFn func(pgraph.Edge, pgraph.Edge) pgraph.Edge) error {
 	// methodology
@@ -112,8 +129,17 @@ func VertexMerge(g *pgraph.Graph, v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex, vertexMergeFn func(pgrap
 			// note: This branch isn't used if the vertexMergeFn
 			// decides to just merge logically on its own instead
 			// of actually returning something that we then merge.
-			v1 = v // TODO: ineffassign?
+			v1 = v // XXX: ineffassign?
 			//*v1 = *v
+
+			// Ensure that everything still validates. (For safety!)
+			r, ok := v1.(engine.Res) // TODO: v ?
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("not a Res")
+			}
+			if err := engine.Validate(r); err != nil {
+				return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the Res did not Validate")
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	g.DeleteVertex(v2) // remove grouped vertex
@@ -124,3 +150,67 @@ func VertexMerge(g *pgraph.Graph, v1, v2 pgraph.Vertex, vertexMergeFn func(pgrap
 	}
 	return nil // success
 }
+
+// RHVSlice is a linear list of vertices. It can be sorted by the Kind, taking
+// into account the hierarchy of names separated by colons. Afterwards, it uses
+// String() to avoid the non-determinism in the map type. RHV stands for Reverse
+// Hierarchical Vertex, meaning the hierarchical topology of the vertex
+// (resource) names are used.
+type RHVSlice []pgraph.Vertex
+
+// Len returns the length of the slice of vertices.
+func (obj RHVSlice) Len() int { return len(obj) }
+
+// Swap swaps two elements in the slice.
+func (obj RHVSlice) Swap(i, j int) { obj[i], obj[j] = obj[j], obj[i] }
+
+// Less returns the smaller element in the sort order according to the
+// aforementioned rules.
+// XXX: Add some tests to make sure I didn't get any "reverse" part backwards.
+func (obj RHVSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	resi, oki := obj[i].(engine.Res)
+	resj, okj := obj[j].(engine.Res)
+	if !oki || !okj || resi.Kind() == "" || resj.Kind() == "" {
+		// One of these isn't a normal Res, so just compare normally.
+		return obj[i].String() > obj[j].String() // reverse
+	}
+
+	si := strings.Split(resi.Kind(), ":")
+	sj := strings.Split(resj.Kind(), ":")
+	// both lengths should each be at least one now
+	li := len(si)
+	lj := len(sj)
+
+	if li != lj { // eg: http:ui vs. http:ui:text
+		return li > lj // reverse
+	}
+
+	// same number of chunks
+	for k := 0; k < li; k++ {
+		if si[k] != sj[k] { // lhs chunk differs
+			return si[k] > sj[k] // reverse
+		}
+
+		// if the chunks are the same, we continue...
+	}
+
+	// They must all have the same chunks, so finally we compare the names.
+	return resi.Name() > resj.Name() // reverse
+}
+
+// Sort is a convenience method.
+func (obj RHVSlice) Sort() { sort.Sort(obj) }
+
+// RHVSort returns a deterministically sorted slice of all vertices in the list.
+// The order is sorted by the Kind, taking into account the hierarchy of names
+// separated by colons. Afterwards, it uses String() to avoid the
+// non-determinism in the map type. RHV stands for Reverse Hierarchical Vertex,
+// meaning the hierarchical topology of the vertex (resource) names are used.
+func RHVSort(vertices []pgraph.Vertex) []pgraph.Vertex {
+	var vs []pgraph.Vertex
+	for _, v := range vertices { // copy first
+		vs = append(vs, v)
+	}
+	sort.Sort(RHVSlice(vs)) // add determinism
+	return vs
+}

engine/graph/engine.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,8 +13,23 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
+// Package graph contains the actual implementation of the resource graph engine
+// that runs the graph of resources in real-time. This package has the algorithm
+// that runs all the graph transitions.
 package graph
 
 import (
@@ -25,24 +40,34 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/converger"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/local"
+	engineUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/util"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/semaphore"
 )
 
+const (
+	// StateDir is the name of the sub directory where all the local
+	// resource state is stored.
+	StateDir = "state"
+)
+
 // Engine encapsulates a generic graph and manages its operations.
 type Engine struct {
 	Program  string
+	Version  string
 	Hostname string
-	World    engine.World
+
+	Converger *converger.Coordinator
+	Local     *local.API
+	World     engine.World
 
 	// Prefix is a unique directory prefix which can be used. It should be
 	// created if needed.
-	Prefix    string
-	Converger *converger.Coordinator
-
-	Debug bool
-	Logf  func(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Prefix string
+	Debug  bool
+	Logf   func(format string, v ...interface{})
 
 	graph     *pgraph.Graph
 	nextGraph *pgraph.Graph
@@ -50,6 +75,9 @@ type Engine struct {
 	waits     map[pgraph.Vertex]*sync.WaitGroup // wg for the Worker func
 	wlock     *sync.Mutex                       // lock around waits map
 
+	mlock *sync.Mutex                            // metas lock
+	metas map[engine.ResPtrUID]*engine.MetaState // meta state
+
 	slock *sync.Mutex // semaphore lock
 	semas map[string]*semaphore.Semaphore
 
@@ -86,6 +114,9 @@ func (obj *Engine) Init() error {
 	obj.waits = make(map[pgraph.Vertex]*sync.WaitGroup)
 	obj.wlock = &sync.Mutex{}
 
+	obj.mlock = &sync.Mutex{}
+	obj.metas = make(map[engine.ResPtrUID]*engine.MetaState)
+
 	obj.slock = &sync.Mutex{}
 	obj.semas = make(map[string]*semaphore.Semaphore)
 
@@ -127,7 +158,7 @@ func (obj *Engine) Validate() error {
 		}
 
 		if err := engine.Validate(res); err != nil {
-			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the Res did not Validate")
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s did not Validate: %v", res, err)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -144,8 +175,21 @@ func (obj *Engine) Apply(fn func(*pgraph.Graph) error) error {
 // it errors, then the running graph wasn't changed. It is recommended that you
 // pause the engine before running this, and resume it after you're done.
 func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
+	// It would be safer to lock this, but it would be slower and mask bugs.
+	//obj.mutex.Lock()
+	//defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	// TODO: Does this hurt performance or graph changes ?
 
+	activeMetas := make(map[engine.ResPtrUID]struct{})
+	for vertex := range obj.state {
+		res, ok := vertex.(engine.Res)
+		if !ok { // should not happen, previously validated
+			return fmt.Errorf("not a Res")
+		}
+		activeMetas[engine.PtrUID(res)] = struct{}{} // add
+	}
+
 	start := []func() error{} // functions to run after graphsync to start...
 	vertexAddFn := func(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
 		// some of these validation steps happen before this Commit step
@@ -163,20 +207,22 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("the Res state already exists")
 		}
 
+		activeMetas[engine.PtrUID(res)] = struct{}{} // add
+
 		if obj.Debug {
 			obj.Logf("Validate(%s)", res)
 		}
 		err := engine.Validate(res)
 		if obj.Debug {
-			obj.Logf("Validate(%s): Return(%+v)", res, err)
+			obj.Logf("Validate(%s): Return(%s)", res, engineUtil.CleanError(err))
 		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the Res did not Validate")
 		}
 
-		// FIXME: is res.Name() sufficiently unique to use as a UID here?
-		pathUID := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", res.Kind(), res.Name())
-		statePrefix := fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path.Join(obj.Prefix, "state", pathUID))
+		pathUID := engineUtil.ResPathUID(res)
+		statePrefix := fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path.Join(obj.statePrefix(), pathUID))
+
 		// don't create this unless it *will* be used
 		//if err := os.MkdirAll(statePrefix, 0770); err != nil {
 		//	return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "can't create state prefix")
@@ -184,15 +230,17 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 
 		obj.waits[vertex] = &sync.WaitGroup{}
 		obj.state[vertex] = &State{
-			//Graph: obj.graph, // TODO: what happens if we swap the graph?
+			Graph:  obj.graph, // Update if we swap the graph!
 			Vertex: vertex,
 
 			Program:  obj.Program,
+			Version:  obj.Version,
 			Hostname: obj.Hostname,
 
+			//Converger: obj.Converger,
+			Local:  obj.Local,
 			World:  obj.World,
 			Prefix: statePrefix,
-			//Converger: obj.Converger,
 
 			Debug: obj.Debug,
 			Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
@@ -220,10 +268,18 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 					obj.wlock.Unlock()
 				}()
 
-				obj.Logf("Worker(%s)", v)
+				if obj.Debug || true {
+					obj.Logf("%s: Working...", v)
+				}
 				// contains the Watch and CheckApply loops
 				err := obj.Worker(v)
-				obj.Logf("Worker(%s): Exited(%+v)", v, err)
+				if obj.Debug || true {
+					if s := engineUtil.CleanError(err); err != nil {
+						obj.Logf("%s: Error: %s", v, s)
+					} else {
+						obj.Logf("%s: Exited...", v)
+					}
+				}
 				obj.state[v].workerErr = err // store the error
 				// If the Rewatch metaparam is true, then this will get
 				// restarted if we do a graph cmp swap. This is why the
@@ -238,15 +294,21 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 
 	free := []func() error{} // functions to run after graphsync to reset...
 	vertexRemoveFn := func(vertex pgraph.Vertex) error {
+		res, ok := vertex.(engine.Res)
+		if !ok { // should not happen, previously validated
+			return fmt.Errorf("not a Res")
+		}
+		delete(activeMetas, engine.PtrUID(res))
+
 		// wait for exit before starting new graph!
-		close(obj.state[vertex].removeDone) // causes doneChan to close
-		obj.state[vertex].Resume()          // unblock from resume
-		obj.waits[vertex].Wait()            // sync
+		close(obj.state[vertex].removeDone)   // causes doneCtx to cancel
+		close(obj.state[vertex].resumeSignal) // unblock (it only closes here)
+		obj.waits[vertex].Wait()              // sync
 
 		// close the state and resource
 		// FIXME: will this mess up the sync and block the engine?
-		if err := obj.state[vertex].Close(); err != nil {
-			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the Res did not Close")
+		if err := obj.state[vertex].Cleanup(); err != nil {
+			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the Res did not Cleanup")
 		}
 
 		// delete to free up memory from old graphs
@@ -302,6 +364,23 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 	if err := obj.graph.GraphSync(obj.nextGraph, vertexCmpFn, vertexAddFn, vertexRemoveFn, engine.EdgeCmpFn); err != nil {
 		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error running graph sync")
 	}
+
+	// This happens after GraphSync when vertexRemoveFn and vertexAddFn are
+	// done running. Those two modified the activeMetas map. It's important
+	// that vertexRemoveFn runs before vertexAddFn, but GraphSync guarantees
+	// that, and it would be kind of illogical to not run things that way.
+	metaGC := make(map[engine.ResPtrUID]struct{}) // which metas should we garbage collect?
+	obj.mlock.Lock()
+	for ptrUID := range obj.metas {
+		if _, exists := activeMetas[ptrUID]; !exists {
+			metaGC[ptrUID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for ptrUID := range metaGC {
+		delete(obj.metas, ptrUID) // otherwise, this could grow forever
+	}
+	obj.mlock.Unlock()
+
 	// We run these afterwards, so that we don't unnecessarily start anyone
 	// if GraphSync failed in some way. Otherwise we'd have to do clean up!
 	for _, fn := range start {
@@ -322,14 +401,14 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 	// the changes that we'd made to the previously primary graph. This is
 	// because this function is meant to atomically swap the graphs safely.
 
-	// TODO: update all the `State` structs with the new Graph pointer
-	//for _, vertex := range obj.graph.Vertices() {
-	//	state, exists := obj.state[vertex]
-	//	if !exists {
-	//		continue
-	//	}
-	//	state.Graph = obj.graph // update pointer to graph
-	//}
+	// Update all the `State` structs with the new Graph pointer.
+	for _, vertex := range obj.graph.Vertices() {
+		state, exists := obj.state[vertex]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		state.Graph = obj.graph // update pointer to graph
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -337,8 +416,13 @@ func (obj *Engine) Commit() error {
 // Resume runs the currently active graph. It also un-pauses the graph if it was
 // paused. Very little that is interesting should happen here. It all happens in
 // the Commit method. After Commit, new things are already started, but we still
-// need to Resume any pre-existing resources.
+// need to Resume any pre-existing resources. Do not call this concurrently with
+// the Pause method.
 func (obj *Engine) Resume() error {
+	// It would be safer to lock this, but it would be slower and mask bugs.
+	//obj.mutex.Lock()
+	//defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	if !obj.paused {
 		return fmt.Errorf("already resumed")
 	}
@@ -351,8 +435,22 @@ func (obj *Engine) Resume() error {
 	reversed := pgraph.Reverse(topoSort)
 
 	for _, vertex := range reversed {
+		// The very first resume is skipped as those resources are
+		// already running! We could do that by checking here, but it is
+		// more convenient to just have a state struct field (paused) to
+		// track things for this instead. As a bonus, it helps us know
+		// if a resource is paused or not if we print for debugging.
+		//if !obj.state[vertex].initialStartupDone {
+		//	obj.state[vertex].initialStartupDone = true
+		//	continue
+		//}
+
 		//obj.state[vertex].starter = (indegree[vertex] == 0)
 		obj.state[vertex].Resume() // doesn't error
+		// This always works because if a resource errored while it was
+		// paused, then we're in the paused state and we can still exit
+		// from there. If a resource errors when we're trying to Pause
+		// then it will only succeed without error if the resource ACKs.
 	}
 	// we wait for everyone to start before exiting!
 	obj.paused = false
@@ -373,6 +471,10 @@ func (obj *Engine) SetFastPause() {
 
 // Pause the active, running graph.
 func (obj *Engine) Pause(fastPause bool) error {
+	// It would be safer to lock this, but it would be slower and mask bugs.
+	//obj.mutex.Lock()
+	//defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	if obj.paused {
 		return fmt.Errorf("already paused")
 	}
@@ -394,8 +496,10 @@ func (obj *Engine) Pause(fastPause bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close triggers a shutdown. Engine must be already paused before this is run.
-func (obj *Engine) Close() error {
+// Shutdown the engine. Engine must be already paused before this is run. It is
+// actually just a Load of an empty graph and a Commit. It waits for all the
+// resources to exit before returning.
+func (obj *Engine) Shutdown() error {
 	emptyGraph, reterr := pgraph.NewGraph("empty")
 
 	// this is a graph switch (graph sync) that switches to an empty graph!
@@ -416,3 +520,8 @@ func (obj *Engine) Close() error {
 func (obj *Engine) Graph() *pgraph.Graph {
 	return obj.graph
 }
+
+// statePrefix returns the dir where all the resource state is stored locally.
+func (obj *Engine) statePrefix() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path.Join(obj.Prefix, StateDir))
+}

engine/graph/graph_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,9 +13,21 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package graph
 

engine/graph/refresh.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 

engine/graph/reverse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package graph
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
+	engineUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+)
+
+const (
+	// ReverseFile is the file name in the resource state dir where any
+	// reversal information is stored.
+	ReverseFile = "reverse"
+
+	// ReversePerm is the permissions mode used to create the ReverseFile.
+	ReversePerm = 0600
+)
+
+// Reversals adds the reversals onto the loaded graph. This should happen last,
+// and before Commit.
+func (obj *Engine) Reversals() error {
+	if obj.nextGraph == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("there is no active graph to add reversals to")
+	}
+
+	// Initially get all of the reversals to seek out all possible errors.
+	// XXX: The engine needs to know where data might have been stored if we
+	// XXX: want to potentially allow alternate read/write paths, like etcd.
+	// XXX: In this scenario, we'd have to store a token somewhere to let us
+	// XXX: know to look elsewhere for the special ReversalList read method.
+	data, err := obj.ReversalList() // (map[string]string, error)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "the reversals had errors")
+	}
+
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return nil // end early
+	}
+
+	resMatch := func(r1, r2 engine.Res) bool { // simple match on UID only!
+		if r1.Kind() != r2.Kind() {
+			return false
+		}
+		if r1.Name() != r2.Name() {
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	resInList := func(needle engine.Res, haystack []engine.Res) bool {
+		for _, res := range haystack {
+			if resMatch(needle, res) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if obj.Debug {
+		obj.Logf("decoding %d reversals...", len(data))
+	}
+	resources := []engine.Res{}
+
+	// do this in a sorted order so that it errors deterministically
+	sorted := []string{}
+	for key := range data {
+		sorted = append(sorted, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(sorted)
+	for _, key := range sorted {
+		val := data[key]
+		// XXX: replace this ResToB64 method with one that stores it in
+		// a human readable format, in case someone wants to hack and
+		// edit it manually.
+		// XXX: we probably want this to be YAML, it works with the diff
+		// too...
+		r, err := engineUtil.B64ToRes(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error decoding res with UID: `%s`", key)
+		}
+
+		res, ok := r.(engine.ReversibleRes)
+		if !ok {
+			// this requirement is here to keep things simpler...
+			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "decoded res with UID: `%s` was not reversible", key)
+		}
+
+		matchFn := func(vertex pgraph.Vertex) (bool, error) {
+			r, ok := vertex.(engine.Res)
+			if !ok {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("not a Res")
+			}
+			if !resMatch(r, res) {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		// FIXME: not efficient, we could build a cache-map first
+		vertex, err := obj.nextGraph.VertexMatchFn(matchFn) // (Vertex, error)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error searching graph for match")
+		}
+		if vertex != nil { // found one!
+			continue // it doesn't need reversing yet
+		}
+
+		// TODO: check for (incompatible?) duplicates instead
+		if resInList(res, resources) { // we've already got this one...
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We set this in two different places to be safe. It ensures
+		// that we erase the reversal state file after we've used it.
+		res.ReversibleMeta().Reversal = true // set this for later...
+
+		resources = append(resources, res)
+	}
+
+	if len(resources) == 0 {
+		return nil // end early
+	}
+
+	// Now that we've passed the chance of any errors, we modify the graph.
+	obj.Logf("adding %d reversals...", len(resources))
+	for _, res := range resources {
+		obj.nextGraph.AddVertex(res)
+	}
+	// TODO: Do we want a way for stored reversals to add edges too?
+
+	// It would be great to ensure we didn't add any graph cycles here, but
+	// instead of checking now, we'll move the check into the main loop.
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReversalList returns all the available pending reversal data on this host. It
+// can then be decoded by whatever method is appropriate for.
+func (obj *Engine) ReversalList() (map[string]string, error) {
+	result := make(map[string]string) // some key to contents
+
+	dir := obj.statePrefix() // loop through this dir...
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error reading list of state dirs")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return result, nil // nothing found, no state dir exists yet
+	}
+
+	for _, x := range files {
+		key := x.Name() // some uid for the resource
+		file := path.Join(dir, key, ReverseFile)
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
+		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not read reverse file: %s", file)
+		} else if err != nil {
+			continue // file does not exist, skip
+		}
+
+		// file exists!
+		str := string(content)
+		result[key] = str // save
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// ReversalInit performs the reversal initialization steps if necessary for this
+// resource.
+func (obj *State) ReversalInit() error {
+	res, ok := obj.Vertex.(engine.ReversibleRes)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil // nothing to do
+	}
+
+	if res.ReversibleMeta().Disabled {
+		return nil // nothing to do, reversal isn't enabled
+	}
+
+	// If the reversal is enabled, but we are the result of a previous
+	// reversal, then this will overwrite that older reversal request, and
+	// our resource should be designed to deal with that. This happens if we
+	// return a reversible resource as the reverse of a resource that was
+	// reversed. It's probably fairly rare.
+	if res.ReversibleMeta().Reversal {
+		obj.Logf("triangle reversal") // warn!
+	}
+
+	r, err := res.Reversed()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not reverse: %s", res.String())
+	}
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil // this can't be reversed, or isn't implemented here
+	}
+
+	// We set this in two different places to be safe. It ensures that we
+	// erase the reversal state file after we've used it.
+	r.ReversibleMeta().Reversal = true // set this for later...
+
+	// XXX: replace this ResToB64 method with one that stores it in a human
+	// readable format, in case someone wants to hack and edit it manually.
+	// XXX: we probably want this to be YAML, it works with the diff too...
+	str, err := engineUtil.ResToB64(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not encode: %s", res.String())
+	}
+
+	// TODO: put this method on traits.Reversible as part of the interface?
+	return obj.ReversalWrite(str, res.ReversibleMeta().Overwrite) // Store!
+}
+
+// ReversalCleanup performs the reversal shutdown steps if necessary for this
+// resource.
+func (obj *State) ReversalCleanup() error {
+	res, ok := obj.Vertex.(engine.ReversibleRes)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil // nothing to do
+	}
+
+	// Don't check res.ReversibleMeta().Disabled because we're removing the
+	// previous one. That value only applies if we're doing a new reversal.
+
+	if !res.ReversibleMeta().Reversal {
+		return nil // nothing to erase, we're not a reversal resource
+	}
+
+	if !obj.isStateOK.Load() { // did we successfully reverse? (mutex RLock/RUnlock)
+		obj.Logf("did not complete reversal") // warn
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// TODO: put this method on traits.Reversible as part of the interface?
+	return obj.ReversalDelete() // Erase our reversal instructions.
+}
+
+// ReversalWrite stores the reversal state information for this resource.
+func (obj *State) ReversalWrite(str string, overwrite bool) error {
+	dir, err := obj.varDir("") // private version
+	if err != nil {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not get VarDir for reverse")
+	}
+	file := path.Join(dir, ReverseFile) // return a unique file
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not read reverse file: %s", file)
+	}
+
+	// file exists and we shouldn't overwrite if different
+	if err == nil && !overwrite {
+		// compare to existing file
+		oldStr := string(content)
+		if str != oldStr {
+			obj.Logf("existing, pending, reversible resource exists")
+			//obj.Logf("diff:")
+			//obj.Logf("") // TODO: print the diff w/o secret values
+			return fmt.Errorf("existing, pending, reversible resource exists")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return os.WriteFile(file, []byte(str), ReversePerm)
+}
+
+// ReversalDelete removes the reversal state information for this resource.
+func (obj *State) ReversalDelete() error {
+	dir, err := obj.varDir("") // private version
+	if err != nil {
+		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not get VarDir for reverse")
+	}
+	file := path.Join(dir, ReverseFile) // return a unique file
+
+	// FIXME: why do we see these removals when there isn't a state file?
+	if err = os.Remove(file); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil // ignore missing files
+	}
+
+	return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not remove reverse state file")
+}

engine/graph/semaphore.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 

engine/graph/semaphore_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,9 +13,21 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package graph
 

engine/graph/sendrecv.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,33 +13,114 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
 	engineUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/lang/types"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 )
 
+// RecvFn represents a custom Recv function which can be used in place of the
+// stock, built-in one. This is needed if we want to receive from a different
+// resource data source than our own. (Only for special occasions of course!)
+type RecvFn func(engine.RecvableRes) (map[string]*engine.Send, error)
+
 // SendRecv pulls in the sent values into the receive slots. It is called by the
 // receiver and must be given as input the full resource struct to receive on.
-// It applies the loaded values to the resource.
-func (obj *Engine) SendRecv(res engine.RecvableRes) (map[string]bool, error) {
-	recv := res.Recv()
-	if obj.Debug {
-		// NOTE: this could expose private resource data like passwords
-		obj.Logf("%s: SendRecv: %+v", res, recv)
+// It applies the loaded values to the resource. It is called recursively, as it
+// recurses into any grouped resources found within the first receiver. It
+// returns a map of resource pointer, to resource field key, to changed boolean.
+func SendRecv(res engine.RecvableRes, fn RecvFn) (map[engine.RecvableRes]map[string]*engine.Send, error) {
+	updated := make(map[engine.RecvableRes]map[string]*engine.Send) // list of updated keys
+	if groupableRes, ok := res.(engine.GroupableRes); ok {
+		for _, x := range groupableRes.GetGroup() { // grouped elements
+			recvableRes, ok := x.(engine.RecvableRes)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			//if obj.Debug {
+			//	obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s: grouped: %s", res, x) // receiving here
+			//}
+			// We need to recurse here so that autogrouped resources
+			// inside autogrouped resources would work... In case we
+			// work correctly. We just need to make sure that things
+			// are grouped in the correct order, but that is not our
+			// problem! Recurse and merge in the changed results...
+			innerUpdated, err := SendRecv(recvableRes, fn)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "recursive SendRecv error")
+			}
+			for r, m := range innerUpdated { // res ptr, map
+				if _, exists := updated[r]; !exists {
+					updated[r] = make(map[string]*engine.Send)
+				}
+				for s, send := range m { // map[string]*engine.Send
+					b := send.Changed
+					// don't overwrite in case one exists...
+					if old, exists := updated[r][s]; exists {
+						b = b || old.Changed // unlikely i think
+					}
+					if _, exists := updated[r][s]; !exists {
+						newSend := &engine.Send{
+							Res:     send.Res,
+							Key:     send.Key,
+							Changed: b,
+						}
+						updated[r][s] = newSend
+					}
+					updated[r][s].Changed = b
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	var updated = make(map[string]bool) // list of updated keys
+
 	var err error
-	for k, v := range recv {
-		updated[k] = false // default
-		v.Changed = false  // reset to the default
+	recv := res.Recv()
+	if fn != nil {
+		recv, err = fn(res) // use a custom Recv function
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	keys := []string{}
+	for k := range recv { // map[string]*Send
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	//if obj.Debug && len(keys) > 0 {
+	//	// NOTE: this could expose private resource data like passwords
+	//	obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s recv: %+v", res, strings.Join(keys, ", "))
+	//}
+	for k, v := range recv { // map[string]*Send
+		// v.Res // SendableRes // a handle to the resource which is sending a value
+		// v.Key // string      // the key in the resource that we're sending
+		if _, exists := updated[res]; !exists {
+			updated[res] = make(map[string]*engine.Send)
+		}
+
+		//updated[res][k] = false // default
+		v.Changed = false   // reset to the default
+		updated[res][k] = v // default
 
 		var st interface{} = v.Res // old style direct send/recv
 		if true {                  // new style send/recv API
@@ -71,7 +152,7 @@ func (obj *Engine) SendRecv(res engine.RecvableRes) (map[string]bool, error) {
 		}
 
 		obj1 := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(st))
-		type1 := obj1.Type()
+		//type1 := obj1.Type()
 		value1 := obj1.FieldByName(key1)
 		kind1 := value1.Kind()
 
@@ -89,52 +170,110 @@ func (obj *Engine) SendRecv(res engine.RecvableRes) (map[string]bool, error) {
 		}
 
 		obj2 := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(res)) // pass in full struct
-		type2 := obj2.Type()
+		//type2 := obj2.Type()
 		value2 := obj2.FieldByName(key2)
 		kind2 := value2.Kind()
 
-		if obj.Debug {
-			obj.Logf("Send(%s) has %v: %v", type1, kind1, value1)
-			obj.Logf("Recv(%s) has %v: %v", type2, kind2, value2)
+		//orig := value1
+		dest := value2 // save the o.g. because we need the real dest!
+
+		// NOTE: Reminder: obj1 comes from st and it is the *<Res>Sends
+		// struct which contains whichever fields that resource sends.
+		// For example, this might be *TestSends for the Test resource.
+		// The receiver is obj2 and that is actually the resource struct
+		// which is a *<Res> and which gets it's fields directly set on.
+		// For example, this might be *TestRes for the Test resource.
+		//fmt.Printf("obj1(%T): %+v\n", obj1, obj1)
+		//fmt.Printf("obj2(%T): %+v\n", obj2, obj2)
+		// Lastly, remember that many of the type incompatibilities are
+		// caught during type unification, and so we might have overly
+		// relaxed the checks here and something could slip by. If we
+		// find something, this code will need new checks added back.
+
+		// Here we unpack one-level, and then leave the complex stuff
+		// for the Into() method below.
+		// for kind1 == reflect.Interface || kind1 == reflect.Ptr // wrong
+		// if kind1 == reflect.Interface || kind1 == reflect.Ptr  // wrong
+		// for kind1 == reflect.Interface // wrong
+		if kind1 == reflect.Interface {
+			value1 = value1.Elem() // un-nest one interface
+			kind1 = value1.Kind()
 		}
 
-		// i think we probably want the same kind, at least for now...
-		if kind1 != kind2 {
-			e := fmt.Errorf("kind mismatch between %s: %s and %s: %s", v.Res, kind1, res, kind2)
-			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
-			continue
+		// This second block is identical, but it's just accidentally
+		// symmetrical. The types of input structs are different shapes.
+		// for kind2 == reflect.Interface || kind2 == reflect.Ptr // wrong
+		// if kind2 == reflect.Interface || kind2 == reflect.Ptr  // wrong
+		// for kind2 == reflect.Interface // wrong
+		if kind2 == reflect.Interface {
+			value2 = value2.Elem() // un-nest one interface
+			kind2 = value2.Kind()
 		}
 
-		// if the types don't match, we can't use send->recv
-		// FIXME: do we want to relax this for string -> *string ?
-		if e := TypeCmp(value1, value2); e != nil {
-			e := errwrap.Wrapf(e, "type mismatch between %s and %s", v.Res, res)
-			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
-			continue
-		}
+		//if obj.Debug {
+		//	obj.Logf("Send(%s) has %v: %v", type1, kind1, value1)
+		//	obj.Logf("Recv(%s) has %v: %v", type2, kind2, value2)
+		//}
+
+		// Skip this check in favour of the more complex Into() below...
+		//if kind1 != kind2 {
+		//	e := fmt.Errorf("send/recv kind mismatch between %s: %s and %s: %s", v.Res, kind1, res, kind2)
+		//	err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
+		//	continue
+		//}
+
+		// Skip this check in favour of the more complex Into() below...
+		//if e := TypeCmp(value1, value2); e != nil {
+		//	e := errwrap.Wrapf(e, "type mismatch between %s and %s", v.Res, res)
+		//	err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
+		//	continue
+		//}
 
 		// if we can't set, then well this is pointless!
-		if !value2.CanSet() {
+		if !dest.CanSet() {
 			e := fmt.Errorf("can't set %s.%s", res, k)
 			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// if we can't interface, we can't compare...
-		if !value1.CanInterface() || !value2.CanInterface() {
+		if !value1.CanInterface() {
+			e := fmt.Errorf("can't interface %s.%s", v.Res, v.Key)
+			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
+			continue
+		}
+		if !value2.CanInterface() {
 			e := fmt.Errorf("can't interface %s.%s", res, k)
 			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// if the values aren't equal, we're changing the receiver
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(value1.Interface(), value2.Interface()) {
-			// TODO: can we catch the panics here in case they happen?
-			value2.Set(value1) // do it for all types that match
-			updated[k] = true  // we updated this key!
-			v.Changed = true   // tag this key as updated!
-			obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s.%s -> %s.%s", v.Res, v.Key, res, k)
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(value1.Interface(), value2.Interface()) {
+			continue // skip as they're the same, no error needed
 		}
+
+		// TODO: can we catch the panics here in case they happen?
+
+		fv, e := types.ValueOf(value1)
+		if e != nil {
+			e := errwrap.Wrapf(e, "bad value %s.%s", v.Res, v.Key)
+			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// mutate the struct field dest with the mcl data in fv
+		if e := types.Into(fv, dest); e != nil {
+			// runtime error, probably from using value res
+			e := errwrap.Wrapf(e, "mismatch: %s.%s (%s) -> %s.%s (%s)", v.Res, v.Key, kind1, res, k, kind2)
+			err = errwrap.Append(err, e) // list of errors
+			continue
+		}
+		//dest.Set(orig)  // do it for all types that match
+		//updated[res][k] = true // we updated this key!
+		v.Changed = true    // tag this key as updated!
+		updated[res][k] = v // we updated this key!
+		//obj.Logf("SendRecv: %s.%s -> %s.%s (%+v)", v.Res, v.Key, res, k, fv) // fv may be private data
 	}
 	return updated, err
 }
@@ -150,3 +289,19 @@ func TypeCmp(a, b reflect.Value) error {
 
 	return nil // identical Type()'s
 }
+
+// UpdatedStrings returns a list of strings showing what was updated after a
+// Send/Recv run returned the updated datastructure. This is useful for logs.
+func UpdatedStrings(updated map[engine.RecvableRes]map[string]*engine.Send) []string {
+	out := []string{}
+	for r, m := range updated { // map[engine.RecvableRes]map[string]*engine.Send
+		for s, send := range m {
+			if !send.Changed {
+				continue
+			}
+			x := fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s -> %v.%s", send.Res, send.Key, r, s)
+			out = append(out, x)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}

engine/graph/state.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,26 +13,41 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/converger"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/local"
+	engineUtil "github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/util"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
-	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 )
 
 // State stores some state about the resource it is mapped to.
 type State struct {
 	// Graph is a pointer to the graph that this vertex is part of.
-	//Graph pgraph.Graph
+	Graph *pgraph.Graph
 
 	// Vertex is the pointer in the graph that this state corresponds to. It
 	// can be converted to a `Res` if necessary.
@@ -40,39 +55,51 @@ type State struct {
 	Vertex pgraph.Vertex
 
 	Program  string
+	Version  string
 	Hostname string
-	World    engine.World
+
+	//Converger *converger.Coordinator
+
+	Local *local.API
+	World engine.World
 
 	// Prefix is a unique directory prefix which can be used. It should be
 	// created if needed.
 	Prefix string
 
-	//Converger *converger.Coordinator
-
 	// Debug turns on additional output and behaviours.
 	Debug bool
 
 	// Logf is the logging function that should be used to display messages.
 	Logf func(format string, v ...interface{})
 
-	timestamp int64 // last updated timestamp
-	isStateOK bool  // is state OK or do we need to run CheckApply ?
-	workerErr error // did the Worker error?
+	timestamp int64        // last updated timestamp
+	isStateOK *atomic.Bool // is state OK or do we need to run CheckApply ?
+	workerErr error        // did the Worker error?
 
-	// doneChan closes when Watch should shut down. When any of the
+	mutex *sync.RWMutex // used for editing state properties
+
+	// doneCtx is cancelled when Watch should shut down. When any of the
 	// following channels close, it causes this to close.
-	doneChan chan struct{}
+	doneCtx context.Context
+
+	// doneCtxCancel is the cancel function for doneCtx.
+	doneCtxCancel func()
 
 	// processDone is closed when the Process/CheckApply function fails
 	// permanently, and wants to cause Watch to exit.
 	processDone chan struct{}
 	// watchDone is closed when the Watch function fails permanently, and we
 	// close this to signal we should definitely exit. (Often redundant.)
-	watchDone chan struct{} // could be shared with limitDone
+	watchDone chan struct{} // could be shared with limitDone or retryDone
 	// limitDone is closed when the Watch function fails permanently, and we
 	// close this to signal we should definitely exit. This happens inside
 	// of the limit loop of the Process section of Worker.
-	limitDone chan struct{} // could be shared with watchDone
+	limitDone chan struct{} // could be shared with watchDone or retryDone
+	// retryDone is closed when the Watch function fails permanently, and we
+	// close this to signal we should definitely exit. This happens inside
+	// of the retry loop of the Process section of Worker.
+	retryDone chan struct{} // could be shared with watchDone or limitDone
 	// removeDone is closed when the vertexRemoveFn method asks for an exit.
 	// This happens when we're switching graphs. The switch to an "empty" is
 	// the equivalent of asking for a final shutdown.
@@ -94,14 +121,15 @@ type State struct {
 	// to send on since it is buffered.
 	pokeChan chan struct{} // outgoing from resource
 
-	// paused represents if this particular res is paused or not.
+	// paused represents if this particular res is paused or not. This is
+	// primarily used to avoid running an unnecessary Resume on the first
+	// run of this resource.
 	paused bool
-	// pauseSignal closes to request a pause of this resource.
+	// pauseSignal receives a message to request a pause of this resource.
 	pauseSignal chan struct{}
-	// resumeSignal closes to request a resume of this resource.
+	// resumeSignal receives a message to resume this resource. The channel
+	// closes when the resource is removed from the graph.
 	resumeSignal chan struct{}
-	// pausedAck is used to send an ack message saying that we've paused.
-	pausedAck *util.EasyAck
 
 	wg *sync.WaitGroup // used for all vertex specific processes
 
@@ -130,11 +158,15 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("the Logf function is missing")
 	}
 
-	obj.doneChan = make(chan struct{})
+	obj.isStateOK = &atomic.Bool{}
+
+	obj.mutex = &sync.RWMutex{}
+	obj.doneCtx, obj.doneCtxCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
 	obj.processDone = make(chan struct{})
 	obj.watchDone = make(chan struct{})
 	obj.limitDone = make(chan struct{})
+	obj.retryDone = make(chan struct{})
 	obj.removeDone = make(chan struct{})
 	obj.eventsDone = make(chan struct{})
 
@@ -144,8 +176,7 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 
 	//obj.paused = false // starts off as started
 	obj.pauseSignal = make(chan struct{})
-	//obj.resumeSignal = make(chan struct{}) // happens on pause
-	//obj.pausedAck = util.NewEasyAck() // happens on pause
+	obj.resumeSignal = make(chan struct{})
 
 	obj.wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
 
@@ -154,12 +185,12 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 
 	obj.init = &engine.Init{
 		Program:  obj.Program,
+		Version:  obj.Version,
 		Hostname: obj.Hostname,
 
 		// Watch:
 		Running: obj.event,
 		Event:   obj.event,
-		Done:    obj.doneChan,
 
 		// CheckApply:
 		Refresh: func() bool {
@@ -169,33 +200,72 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 			}
 			return res.Refresh()
 		},
-		Send: func(st interface{}) error {
-			res, ok := obj.Vertex.(engine.SendableRes)
-			if !ok {
-				panic("res does not support the Sendable trait")
-			}
-			// XXX: type check this
-			//expected := res.Sends()
-			//if err := XXX_TYPE_CHECK(expected, st); err != nil {
-			//	return err
-			//}
 
-			return res.Send(st) // send the struct
-		},
-		Recv: func() map[string]*engine.Send { // TODO: change this API?
-			res, ok := obj.Vertex.(engine.RecvableRes)
-			if !ok {
-				panic("res does not support the Recvable trait")
+		Send: engine.GenerateSendFunc(res),
+		Recv: engine.GenerateRecvFunc(res),
+
+		// FIXME: pass in a safe, limited query func instead?
+		// TODO: not implemented, use FilteredGraph
+		//Graph: func() *pgraph.Graph {
+		//	_, ok := obj.Vertex.(engine.CanGraphQueryRes)
+		//	if !ok {
+		//		panic("res does not support the GraphQuery trait")
+		//	}
+		//	return obj.Graph // we return in a func so it's fresh!
+		//},
+
+		FilteredGraph: func() (*pgraph.Graph, error) {
+			graph, err := pgraph.NewGraph("filtered")
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
-			return res.Recv()
+
+			// filter graph and build a new one...
+			adjacency := obj.Graph.Adjacency()
+			for v1 := range adjacency {
+				// check we're allowed
+				r1, ok := v1.(engine.GraphQueryableRes)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				// pass in information on requestor...
+				if err := r1.GraphQueryAllowed(
+					engine.GraphQueryableOptionKind(res.Kind()),
+					engine.GraphQueryableOptionName(res.Name()),
+					// TODO: add more information...
+				); err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				graph.AddVertex(v1)
+
+				for v2, edge := range adjacency[v1] {
+					r2, ok := v2.(engine.GraphQueryableRes)
+					if !ok {
+						continue
+					}
+					// pass in information on requestor...
+					if err := r2.GraphQueryAllowed(
+						engine.GraphQueryableOptionKind(res.Kind()),
+						engine.GraphQueryableOptionName(res.Name()),
+						// TODO: add more information...
+					); err != nil {
+						continue
+					}
+					//graph.AddVertex(v2) // redundant
+					graph.AddEdge(v1, v2, edge)
+				}
+			}
+
+			return graph, nil // we return in a func so it's fresh!
 		},
 
+		Local:  obj.Local,
 		World:  obj.World,
 		VarDir: obj.varDir,
 
 		Debug: obj.Debug,
 		Logf: func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-			obj.Logf("resource: "+format, v...)
+			obj.Logf(format, v...)
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -203,9 +273,15 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 	if obj.Debug {
 		obj.Logf("Init(%s)", res)
 	}
+
+	// write the reverse request to the disk...
+	if err := obj.ReversalInit(); err != nil {
+		return err // TODO: test this code path...
+	}
+
 	err := res.Init(obj.init)
 	if obj.Debug {
-		obj.Logf("Init(%s): Return(%+v)", res, err)
+		obj.Logf("Init(%s): Return(%s)", res, engineUtil.CleanError(err))
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not Init() resource")
@@ -214,9 +290,9 @@ func (obj *State) Init() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close shuts down and performs any cleanup. This is most akin to a "post" or
+// Cleanup shuts down and performs any cleanup. This is most akin to a "post" or
 // cleanup command as the initiator for closing a vertex happens in graph sync.
-func (obj *State) Close() error {
+func (obj *State) Cleanup() error {
 	res, isRes := obj.Vertex.(engine.Res)
 	if !isRes {
 		return fmt.Errorf("vertex is not a Res")
@@ -236,12 +312,23 @@ func (obj *State) Close() error {
 	if obj.Debug {
 		obj.Logf("Close(%s)", res)
 	}
-	err := res.Close()
-	if obj.Debug {
-		obj.Logf("Close(%s): Return(%+v)", res, err)
+
+	var reverr error
+	// clear the reverse request from the disk...
+	if err := obj.ReversalCleanup(); err != nil {
+		// TODO: test this code path...
+		// TODO: should this be an error or a warning?
+		reverr = err
 	}
 
-	return err
+	reterr := res.Cleanup()
+	if obj.Debug {
+		obj.Logf("Close(%s): Return(%s)", res, engineUtil.CleanError(reterr))
+	}
+
+	reterr = errwrap.Append(reterr, reverr)
+
+	return reterr
 }
 
 // Poke sends a notification on the poke channel. This channel is used to notify
@@ -251,37 +338,28 @@ func (obj *State) Close() error {
 // callers are expected to make sure that they don't leave any of these running
 // by the time the Worker() shuts down.
 func (obj *State) Poke() {
-	// redundant
-	//if len(obj.pokeChan) > 0 {
-	//	return
-	//}
-
 	select {
 	case obj.pokeChan <- struct{}{}:
 	default: // if chan is now full because more than one poke happened...
 	}
 }
 
-// Pause pauses this resource. It should not be called on any already paused
+// Pause pauses this resource. It must not be called on any already paused
 // resource. It will block until the resource pauses with an acknowledgment, or
 // until an exit for that resource is seen. If the latter happens it will error.
-// It is NOT thread-safe with the Resume() method so only call either one at a
-// time.
+// It must not be called concurrently with either the Resume() method or itself,
+// so only call these one at a time and alternate between the two.
 func (obj *State) Pause() error {
 	if obj.paused {
-		return fmt.Errorf("already paused")
+		panic("already paused")
 	}
 
-	obj.pausedAck = util.NewEasyAck()
-	obj.resumeSignal = make(chan struct{}) // build the resume signal
-	close(obj.pauseSignal)
-	obj.Poke() // unblock and notice the pause if necessary
-
 	// wait for ack (or exit signal)
 	select {
-	case <-obj.pausedAck.Wait(): // we got it!
+	case obj.pauseSignal <- struct{}{}:
 		// we're paused
-	case <-obj.doneChan:
+
+	case <-obj.doneCtx.Done():
 		return engine.ErrClosed
 	}
 	obj.paused = true
@@ -289,23 +367,22 @@ func (obj *State) Pause() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Resume unpauses this resource. It can be safely called on a brand-new
-// resource that has just started running without incident. It is NOT
-// thread-safe with the Pause() method, so only call either one at a time.
+// Resume unpauses this resource. It can be safely called once on a brand-new
+// resource that has just started running, without incident. It must not be
+// called concurrently with either the Pause() method or itself, so only call
+// these one at a time and alternate between the two.
 func (obj *State) Resume() {
-	// TODO: do we need a mutex around Resume?
+	// This paused check prevents unnecessary "resume" calls to the resource
+	// on its first run, since resources start in the running state!
 	if !obj.paused { // no need to unpause brand-new resources
 		return
 	}
 
-	obj.pauseSignal = make(chan struct{}) // rebuild for next pause
-	close(obj.resumeSignal)
-	//obj.Poke() // not needed, we're already waiting for resume
+	select {
+	case obj.resumeSignal <- struct{}{}:
+	}
 
 	obj.paused = false
-
-	// no need to wait for it to resume
-	//return // implied
 }
 
 // event is a helper function to send an event to the CheckApply process loop.
@@ -317,7 +394,7 @@ func (obj *State) event() {
 	obj.setDirty() // assume we're initially dirty
 
 	select {
-	case obj.eventsChan <- nil:
+	case obj.eventsChan <- nil: // blocks! (this is unbuffered)
 		// send!
 	}
 
@@ -328,11 +405,13 @@ func (obj *State) event() {
 // CheckApply will have some work to do in order to converge it.
 func (obj *State) setDirty() {
 	obj.tuid.StopTimer()
-	obj.isStateOK = false
+	//obj.mutex.Lock()
+	obj.isStateOK.Store(false) // concurrent write
+	//obj.mutex.Unlock()
 }
 
 // poll is a replacement for Watch when the Poll metaparameter is used.
-func (obj *State) poll(interval uint32) error {
+func (obj *State) poll(ctx context.Context, interval uint32) error {
 	// create a time.Ticker for the given interval
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(interval) * time.Second)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
@@ -344,7 +423,7 @@ func (obj *State) poll(interval uint32) error {
 		case <-ticker.C: // received the timer event
 			obj.init.Logf("polling...")
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // signal for shutdown request
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // signal for shutdown request
 			return nil
 		}
 

engine/graph/vardir.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package graph
 

engine/graphqueryable.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package engine
+
+// GraphQueryableRes is the interface that must be implemented if you want your
+// resource to be allowed to be queried from another resource in the graph. This
+// is done as a form of explicit authorization tracking so that we can consider
+// security aspects more easily. Ultimately, all resource code should be
+// trusted, but it's still a good idea to know if a particular resource is even
+// able to access information about another one, and if your resource doesn't
+// add the trait supporting this, then it won't be allowed.
+type GraphQueryableRes interface {
+	Res // implement everything in Res but add the additional requirements
+
+	// GraphQueryAllowed returns nil if you're allowed to query the graph.
+	GraphQueryAllowed(...GraphQueryableOption) error
+}
+
+// GraphQueryableOption is an option that can be used to specify the
+// authentication.
+type GraphQueryableOption func(*GraphQueryableOptions)
+
+// GraphQueryableOptions represents the different possible configurable options.
+type GraphQueryableOptions struct {
+	// Kind is the kind of the resource making the access.
+	Kind string
+	// Name is the name of the resource making the access.
+	Name string
+	// TODO: add more options if needed
+}
+
+// Apply is a helper function to apply a list of options to the struct. You
+// should initialize it with defaults you want, and then apply any you've
+// received like this.
+func (obj *GraphQueryableOptions) Apply(opts ...GraphQueryableOption) {
+	for _, optionFunc := range opts { // apply the options
+		optionFunc(obj)
+	}
+}
+
+// GraphQueryableOptionKind tells the GraphQueryAllowed function what the
+// resource kind is.
+func GraphQueryableOptionKind(kind string) GraphQueryableOption {
+	return func(gqo *GraphQueryableOptions) {
+		gqo.Kind = kind
+	}
+}
+
+// GraphQueryableOptionName tells the GraphQueryAllowed function what the
+// resource name is.
+func GraphQueryableOptionName(name string) GraphQueryableOption {
+	return func(gqo *GraphQueryableOptions) {
+		gqo.Name = name
+	}
+}

engine/local/local.go

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+// Package local contains functions and interfaces that are shared between
+// functions and resources. It's similar to the "world" functionality, except
+// that it only involves local operations that stay within a single machine or
+// local mgmt instance.
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util"
+)
+
+// API implements the base handle for all the methods in this package. If we
+// were going to have more than one implementation for all of these, then this
+// would be an interface instead, and different packages would implement it.
+// Since this is not the expectation for the local API, it's all self-contained.
+type API struct {
+	Prefix string
+	Debug  bool
+	Logf   func(format string, v ...interface{})
+
+	// Each piece of the API can take a handle here.
+	*Value
+}
+
+// Init initializes the API before first use. It returns itself so it can be
+// chained for API aesthetical purposes.
+func (obj *API) Init() *API {
+	obj.Value = &Value{}
+	obj.Value.Init(&ValueInit{
+		Prefix: obj.Prefix,
+		Debug:  obj.Debug,
+		Logf:   obj.Logf,
+	})
+
+	return obj
+}
+
+// ValueInit are the init values that the Value API needs to work correctly.
+type ValueInit struct {
+	Prefix string
+	Debug  bool
+	Logf   func(format string, v ...interface{})
+}
+
+// Value is the API for getting, setting, and watching local values.
+type Value struct {
+	init         *ValueInit
+	mutex        *sync.Mutex
+	prefix       string
+	prefixExists bool // is it okay to use the prefix?
+	values       map[string]interface{}
+	notify       map[chan struct{}]string // one chan (unique ptr) for each watch
+	skipread     map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+// Init runs some initialization code for the Value API.
+func (obj *Value) Init(init *ValueInit) {
+	obj.init = init
+	obj.mutex = &sync.Mutex{}
+	obj.prefix = fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path.Join(obj.init.Prefix, "value"))
+	obj.values = make(map[string]interface{})
+	obj.notify = make(map[chan struct{}]string)
+	obj.skipread = make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	// We don't need to, or want to, load any of the keys from disk
+	// initially, because (1) this would consume memory for keys we never
+	// use, and (2) we can load them on first read instead.
+	// TODO: build in some sort of expiry system that deletes keys older
+	// than X weeks to prevent infinite growth of the on-disk database.
+}
+
+// ValueGet pulls a value out of a local in-memory, key-value store that is
+// backed by on-disk storage. While each value is intended to have an underlying
+// type, we use the `any` or empty `interface{}` value to represent each value
+// instead of a `types.Value` because it's more generic, and not limited to
+// being used with the language type system. If the value doesn't exist, we
+// return a nil value and no error.
+func (obj *Value) ValueGet(ctx context.Context, key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	prefix, err := obj.getPrefix()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	obj.mutex.Lock()
+	defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	var val interface{}
+	//var err error
+	if _, skip := obj.skipread[key]; skip {
+		val, err = valueRead(ctx, prefix, key) // must return val == nil if missing
+		if err != nil {
+			// We had an actual read issue. Report this and stop
+			// because it means we might not be allowing our
+			// cold-cache warming if we ignored it.
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// File not found errors are masked in the valueRead function
+	}
+
+	// Anything in memory, will override whatever we might have read.
+	value, exists := obj.values[key]
+	if !exists {
+		// disable future disk reads since the cache is now warm!
+		obj.skipread[key] = struct{}{}
+		return val, nil // if val is nil, we didn't find it
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+// ValueSet sets a value to our in-memory, key-value store that is backed by
+// on-disk storage. If you provide a nil value, this is the equivalent of
+// removing or deleting the value.
+func (obj *Value) ValueSet(ctx context.Context, key string, value interface{}) error {
+	prefix, err := obj.getPrefix()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	obj.mutex.Lock()
+	defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	// Write to state dir on disk first. If ctx cancels, we assume it's not
+	// written or it doesn't matter because we're cancelling, meaning we're
+	// shutting down, so our local cache can be invalidated anyways.
+
+	if value == nil { // remove/delete
+		if err := valueRemove(ctx, prefix, key); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := valueWrite(ctx, prefix, key, value); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if value == nil { // remove/delete
+		delete(obj.values, key)
+	} else {
+		obj.values[key] = value // store to in-memory map
+	}
+
+	// We still notify on remove/delete!
+	for ch, k := range obj.notify { // send notifications to any watchers...
+		if k != key { // there might be more than one watcher per key
+			continue
+		}
+		select {
+		case ch <- struct{}{}: // must be async and not block forever
+			// send
+
+			// We don't ever exit here, because that would be the equivalent
+			// of dropping a notification on the floor. This loop is
+			// non-blocking, and so it's okay to just finish it up quickly.
+			//case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValueWatch watches a value from our in-memory, key-value store that is backed
+// by on-disk storage. Conveniently, it never has to watch the on-disk storage,
+// because after the initial startup which always sends a single startup event,
+// it suffices to watch the in-memory store for events!
+func (obj *Value) ValueWatch(ctx context.Context, key string) (chan struct{}, error) {
+	// No need to look at the prefix on disk, because we can do all our
+	// watches from memory!
+	//prefix, err := obj.getPrefix()
+	//if err != nil {
+	//	return nil, err
+	//}
+
+	obj.mutex.Lock()
+	defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	notifyCh := make(chan struct{}, 1) // so we can async send
+	obj.notify[notifyCh] = key         // add (while within the mutex)
+	notifyCh <- struct{}{}             // startup signal, send one!
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { // cleanup
+			obj.mutex.Lock()
+			defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+			delete(obj.notify, notifyCh) // free memory (in mutex)
+		}()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case _, ok := <-notifyCh:
+				if !ok {
+					// programming error
+					panic("unexpected channel closure")
+				}
+				// recv
+
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				break // we exit
+			}
+
+			select {
+			case ch <- struct{}{}:
+				// send
+
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				break // we exit
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+// getPrefix gets the prefix dir to use, or errors if it can't make one. It
+// makes it on first use, and returns quickly from any future calls to it.
+func (obj *Value) getPrefix() (string, error) {
+	// NOTE: Moving this mutex to just below the first early return, would
+	// be a benign race, but as it turns out, it's possible that a compiler
+	// would see this behaviour as "undefined" and things might not work as
+	// intended. It could perhaps be replaced with a sync/atomic primitive
+	// if we wanted better performance here.
+	obj.mutex.Lock()
+	defer obj.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if obj.prefixExists { // former race read
+		return obj.prefix, nil
+	}
+
+	// MkdirAll instead of Mkdir because we have no idea if the parent
+	// local/ directory was already made yet or not. (If at all.) If path is
+	// already a directory, MkdirAll does nothing and returns nil. (Good!)
+	// TODO: I hope MkdirAll is thread-safe on path creation in case another
+	// future local API tries to make the base (parent) directory too!
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(obj.prefix, 0755); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	obj.prefixExists = true // former race write
+
+	return obj.prefix, nil
+}
+
+func valueRead(ctx context.Context, prefix, key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	// TODO: implement ctx cancellation
+	// TODO: replace with my path library
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(prefix, "/") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prefix is not a dir")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(prefix, "/") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prefix is not absolute")
+	}
+	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", prefix, key)
+
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(p)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, nil // not found
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// file exists!
+	s := string(b)
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s) // get rid of any newline
+
+	return util.B64ToValue(s)
+}
+
+func valueWrite(ctx context.Context, prefix, key string, value interface{}) error {
+	// TODO: implement ctx cancellation
+	// TODO: replace with my path library
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(prefix, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prefix is not a dir")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(prefix, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prefix is not absolute")
+	}
+	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", prefix, key)
+
+	s, err := util.ValueToB64(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s += "\n" // files end with a newline
+	return os.WriteFile(p, []byte(s), 0600)
+}
+
+func valueRemove(ctx context.Context, prefix, key string) error {
+	// TODO: implement ctx cancellation
+	// TODO: replace with my path library
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(prefix, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prefix is not a dir")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(prefix, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prefix is not absolute")
+	}
+	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", prefix, key)
+
+	if err := os.Remove(p); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil // ignore not found errors
+}

engine/local/local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+//go:build !root
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpdir := fmt.Sprintf("%s/", t.TempDir()) // gets cleaned up at end, new dir for each call
+	key := "test1"
+	value := 42
+	if err := valueWrite(context.Background(), tmpdir, key, value); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("error: %+v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if val, err := valueRead(context.Background(), tmpdir, key); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("error: %+v", err)
+		return
+	} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(value, val) {
+		t.Errorf("error: not equal: %+v != %+v", val, value)
+		//return
+	}
+
+	if err := valueRemove(context.Background(), tmpdir, key); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("error: %+v", err)
+		//return
+	}
+}

engine/metaparams.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
@@ -36,8 +48,9 @@ var DefaultMetaParams = &MetaParams{
 	Poll:  0,        // defaults to watching for events
 	Limit: rate.Inf, // defaults to no limit
 	Burst: 0,        // no burst needed on an infinite rate
+	Reset: false,
 	//Sema:  []string{},
-	Rewatch: true,
+	Rewatch: false,
 	Realize: false, // true would be more awesome, but unexpected for users
 }
 
@@ -64,9 +77,16 @@ type MetaParams struct {
 	// reason to want to do something differently for the Watch errors.
 
 	// Retry is the number of times to retry on error. Use -1 for infinite.
+	// This value is used for both Watch and CheckApply.
 	Retry int16 `yaml:"retry"`
 
-	// Delay is the number of milliseconds to wait between retries.
+	// RetryReset resets the retry count for CheckApply if it succeeds. This
+	// value is currently different from the count used for Watch.
+	// TODO: Consider resetting retry count for watch if it sends an event?
+	RetryReset bool `yaml:"retryreset"`
+
+	// Delay is the number of milliseconds to wait between retries. This
+	// value is used for both Watch and CheckApply.
 	Delay uint64 `yaml:"delay"`
 
 	// Poll is the number of seconds between poll intervals. Use 0 to Watch.
@@ -78,6 +98,15 @@ type MetaParams struct {
 	// Burst is the number of events to allow in a burst.
 	Burst int `yaml:"burst"`
 
+	// Reset causes the meta param state to reset when the resource changes.
+	// What this means is if you have a resource of a specific kind and name
+	// and in the subsequent graph it changes because one of its params
+	// changed, normally the Retry, and other params will remember their
+	// state, and you'll not reset the retry counter, however if this is
+	// true, then it will get reset. Note that any normal reset mechanisms
+	// built into retry are not affected by this.
+	Reset bool `yaml:"reset"`
+
 	// Sema is a list of semaphore ids in the form `id` or `id:count`. If
 	// you don't specify a count, then 1 is assumed. The sema of `foo` which
 	// has a count equal to 1, is different from a sema named `foo:1` which
@@ -90,7 +119,9 @@ type MetaParams struct {
 	// and add it back as a new vertex, thus causing it to run again. This
 	// is different from the Retry metaparam which applies during the normal
 	// execution. It is only when this is exhausted that we're in permanent
-	// worker failure, and only then can we rely on this metaparam.
+	// worker failure, and only then can we rely on this metaparam. This is
+	// false by default, as the frequency of graph changes makes it unlikely
+	// that you wanted this enabled on most resources.
 	Rewatch bool `yaml:"rewatch"`
 
 	// Realize ensures that the resource is guaranteed to converge at least
@@ -133,6 +164,9 @@ func (obj *MetaParams) Cmp(meta *MetaParams) error {
 	if obj.Burst != meta.Burst {
 		return fmt.Errorf("values for Burst are different")
 	}
+	if obj.Reset != meta.Reset {
+		return fmt.Errorf("values for Reset are different")
+	}
 
 	if err := util.SortedStrSliceCompare(obj.Sema, meta.Sema); err != nil {
 		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "values for Sema are different")
@@ -180,6 +214,7 @@ func (obj *MetaParams) Copy() *MetaParams {
 		Poll:    obj.Poll,
 		Limit:   obj.Limit, // FIXME: can we copy this type like this? test me!
 		Burst:   obj.Burst,
+		Reset:   obj.Reset,
 		Sema:    sema,
 		Rewatch: obj.Rewatch,
 		Realize: obj.Realize,
@@ -200,3 +235,18 @@ func (obj *MetaParams) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	*obj = MetaParams(raw) // restore from indirection with type conversion!
 	return nil
 }
+
+// MetaState is some local meta param state that is saved between resources of
+// the same kind+name unique ID. Even though the vertex/resource pointer might
+// change during a graph switch (because the params changed) we might be
+// logically referring to the same resource, and we might want to preserve some
+// data across that switch. The common example is the resource retry count. If a
+// resource failed three times, and we had a limit of five before it would be a
+// permanent failure, then we don't want to reset this counter just because we
+// changed a parameter (field) of the resource. This doesn't mean we don't want
+// to ever reset these counts. For that, flip on the reset meta param.
+type MetaState struct {
+
+	// CheckApplyRetry is the current retry count for CheckApply.
+	CheckApplyRetry int16
+}

engine/metaparams_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,9 +13,21 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !root
+//go:build !root
 
 package engine
 

engine/refresh.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 

engine/resources.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,14 +13,29 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package engine
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/gob"
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/local"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/pgraph"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
@@ -29,8 +44,8 @@ import (
 // TODO: should each resource be a sub-package?
 var registeredResources = map[string]func() Res{}
 
-// RegisterResource registers a new resource by providing a constructor
-// function that returns a resource object ready to be unmarshalled from YAML.
+// RegisterResource registers a new resource by providing a constructor function
+// that returns a resource object ready to be unmarshalled from YAML.
 func RegisterResource(kind string, fn func() Res) {
 	f := fn()
 	if kind == "" {
@@ -86,6 +101,9 @@ type Init struct {
 	// Program is the name of the program.
 	Program string
 
+	// Version is the version of the program.
+	Version string
+
 	// Hostname is the uuid for the host.
 	Hostname string
 
@@ -97,10 +115,6 @@ type Init struct {
 	// Event sends an event notifying the engine of a possible state change.
 	Event func()
 
-	// Done returns a channel that will close to signal to us that it's time
-	// for us to shutdown.
-	Done chan struct{}
-
 	// Called from within CheckApply:
 
 	// Refresh returns whether the resource received a notification. This
@@ -120,6 +134,25 @@ type Init struct {
 
 	// Other functionality:
 
+	// Graph is a function that returns the current graph. The returned
+	// value won't be valid after a graphsync so make sure to call this when
+	// you are about to use it, and discard it right after.
+	// FIXME: it might be better to offer a safer, more limited, GraphQuery?
+	//Graph func() *pgraph.Graph // TODO: not implemented, use FilteredGraph
+
+	// FilteredGraph is a function that returns a filtered variant of the
+	// current graph. Only resource that have allowed themselves to be added
+	// into this graph will appear. If they did not consent, then those
+	// vertices and any associated edges, will not be present.
+	FilteredGraph func() (*pgraph.Graph, error)
+
+	// TODO: GraphQuery offers an interface to query the resource graph.
+
+	// Local has a bunch of methods and properties which are useful for
+	// operations on the local machine and for communication between
+	// functions and resources.
+	Local *local.API
+
 	// World provides a connection to the outside world. This is most often
 	// used for communicating with the distributed database.
 	World World
@@ -175,17 +208,21 @@ type Res interface {
 	// and data from the engine.
 	Init(*Init) error
 
-	// Close is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
-	Close() error
+	// Cleanup is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
+	Cleanup() error
 
 	// Watch is run by the engine to monitor for state changes. If it
 	// detects any, it notifies the engine which will usually run CheckApply
-	// in response.
-	Watch() error
+	// in response. If the input context cancels, we must shutdown.
+	Watch(context.Context) error
 
 	// CheckApply determines if the state of the resource is correct and if
-	// asked to with the `apply` variable, applies the requested state.
-	CheckApply(apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error)
+	// asked to with the `apply` variable, applies the requested state. If
+	// the input context cancels, we must return as quickly as possible. We
+	// should never exit immediately if this would cause permanent
+	// corruption of some sort. However it doesn't mean that a resource was
+	// taken to the desired state.
+	CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (checkOK bool, err error)
 
 	// Cmp compares itself to another resource and returns an error if they
 	// are not equivalent. This is more strict than the Adapts method of the
@@ -205,6 +242,22 @@ func Stringer(res Res) string {
 	return Repr(res.Kind(), res.Name())
 }
 
+// ResPtrUID is a unique identifier that is consistent for the kind and name of
+// the resource only. This was formerly a string, but a struct is more precise.
+// The result is suitable as a unique map key.
+type ResPtrUID struct {
+	kind string
+	name string
+}
+
+// PtrUID generates a ResPtrUID from a resource. The result is suitable as a
+// unique map key.
+func PtrUID(res Res) ResPtrUID {
+	// the use of "repr" is kind of arbitrary as long as it's unique
+	//return ResPtrUID(Repr(res.Kind(), res.Name()))
+	return ResPtrUID{kind: res.Kind(), name: res.Name()}
+}
+
 // Validate validates a resource by checking multiple aspects. This is the main
 // entry point for running all the validation steps on a resource.
 func Validate(res Res) error {
@@ -227,8 +280,8 @@ func Validate(res Res) error {
 // the Interrupt method to shutdown the resource quickly. Running this method
 // may leave the resource in a partial state, however this may be desired if you
 // want a faster exit or if you'd prefer a partial state over letting the
-// resource complete in a situation where you made an error and you wish to
-// exit quickly to avoid data loss. It is usually triggered after multiple ^C
+// resource complete in a situation where you made an error and you wish to exit
+// quickly to avoid data loss. It is usually triggered after multiple ^C
 // signals.
 type InterruptableRes interface {
 	Res

engine/resources/augeas.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,24 +13,35 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
-// +build !noaugeas
+//go:build !noaugeas
 
 package resources
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/traits"
-	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/recwatch"
 	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/recwatch"
 
-	// FIXME: we vendor go/augeas because master requires augeas 1.6.0
-	// and libaugeas-dev-1.6.0 is not yet available in a PPA.
 	"honnef.co/go/augeas"
 )
 
@@ -51,24 +62,24 @@ type AugeasRes struct {
 	init *engine.Init
 
 	// File is the path to the file targeted by this resource.
-	File string `yaml:"file"`
+	File string `lang:"file" yaml:"file"`
 
 	// Lens is the lens used by this resource. If specified, mgmt
 	// will lower the augeas overhead by only loading that lens.
-	Lens string `yaml:"lens"`
+	Lens string `lang:"lens" yaml:"lens"`
 
-	// Sets is a list of changes that will be applied to the file, in the form of
-	// ["path", "value"]. mgmt will run augeas.Get() before augeas.Set(), to
-	// prevent changing the file when it is not needed.
-	Sets []*AugeasSet `yaml:"sets"`
+	// Sets is a list of changes that will be applied to the file, in the
+	// form of ["path", "value"]. mgmt will run augeas.Get() before
+	// augeas.Set(), to prevent changing the file when it is not needed.
+	Sets []*AugeasSet `lang:"sets" yaml:"sets"`
 
 	recWatcher *recwatch.RecWatcher // used to watch the changed files
 }
 
 // AugeasSet represents a key/value pair of settings to be applied.
 type AugeasSet struct {
-	Path  string `yaml:"path"`  // The relative path to the value to be changed.
-	Value string `yaml:"value"` // The value to be set on the given Path.
+	Path  string `lang:"path" yaml:"path"`   // The relative path to the value to be changed.
+	Value string `lang:"value" yaml:"value"` // The value to be set on the given Path.
 }
 
 // Cmp compares this set with another one.
@@ -119,15 +130,15 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) Init(init *engine.Init) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
-func (obj *AugeasRes) Close() error {
+// Cleanup is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
+func (obj *AugeasRes) Cleanup() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Watch is the primary listener for this resource and it outputs events.
-// Taken from the File resource.
+// Watch is the primary listener for this resource and it outputs events. This
+// was taken from the File resource.
 // FIXME: DRY - This is taken from the file resource
-func (obj *AugeasRes) Watch() error {
+func (obj *AugeasRes) Watch(ctx context.Context) error {
 	var err error
 	obj.recWatcher, err = recwatch.NewRecWatcher(obj.File, false)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -156,7 +167,7 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) Watch() error {
 			}
 			send = true
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -169,7 +180,7 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) Watch() error {
 }
 
 // checkApplySet runs CheckApply for one element of the AugeasRes.Set
-func (obj *AugeasRes) checkApplySet(apply bool, ag *augeas.Augeas, set *AugeasSet) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *AugeasRes) checkApplySet(ctx context.Context, apply bool, ag *augeas.Augeas, set *AugeasSet) (bool, error) {
 	fullpath := fmt.Sprintf("/files/%v/%v", obj.File, set.Path)
 
 	// We do not check for errors because errors are also thrown when
@@ -194,7 +205,7 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) checkApplySet(apply bool, ag *augeas.Augeas, set *AugeasSe
 }
 
 // CheckApply method for Augeas resource.
-func (obj *AugeasRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *AugeasRes) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	obj.init.Logf("CheckApply: %s", obj.File)
 	// By default we do not set any option to augeas, we use the defaults.
 	opts := augeas.None
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 
 	checkOK := true
 	for _, set := range obj.Sets {
-		if setCheckOK, err := obj.checkApplySet(apply, &ag, set); err != nil {
+		if setCheckOK, err := obj.checkApplySet(ctx, apply, &ag, set); err != nil {
 			return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "augeas: error during CheckApply of one Set")
 		} else if !setCheckOK {
 			checkOK = false
@@ -301,8 +312,8 @@ func (obj *AugeasRes) UIDs() []engine.ResUID {
 	return []engine.ResUID{x}
 }
 
-// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct.
-// It is primarily useful for setting the defaults.
+// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct. It is
+// primarily useful for setting the defaults.
 func (obj *AugeasRes) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	type rawRes AugeasRes // indirection to avoid infinite recursion
 

engine/resources/aws_ec2.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package resources
 
@@ -24,7 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
@@ -121,8 +133,8 @@ const (
 )
 
 // AwsRegions is a list of all AWS regions generated using ec2.DescribeRegions.
-// cn-north-1 and us-gov-west-1 are not returned, probably due to security.
-// List available at http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html
+// cn-north-1 and us-gov-west-1 are not returned, probably due to security. List
+// available at http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html
 var AwsRegions = []string{
 	"ap-northeast-1",
 	"ap-northeast-2",
@@ -147,26 +159,42 @@ var AwsRegions = []string{
 // http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-config-files.html
 type AwsEc2Res struct {
 	traits.Base // add the base methods without re-implementation
+	traits.Sendable
 
 	init *engine.Init
 
-	State   string `yaml:"state"`   // state: running, stopped, terminated
-	Region  string `yaml:"region"`  // region must match an element of AwsRegions
-	Type    string `yaml:"type"`    // type of ec2 instance, eg: t2.micro
-	ImageID string `yaml:"imageid"` // imageid must be available on the chosen region
+	// State must be running, stopped, or terminated.
+	State string `lang:"state" yaml:"state"`
+
+	// Region must match one of the AwsRegions. This list is static at the
+	// moment.
+	Region string `lang:"region" yaml:"region"`
+
+	// Type of ec2 instance, eg: t2.micro for example.
+	Type string `lang:"type" yaml:"type"`
+
+	// ImageID to use, and note that it must be available on the chosen
+	// region.
+	ImageID string `lang:"imageid" yaml:"imageid"`
+
+	// WatchEndpoint is the public url of the sns endpoint, eg:
+	// http://server:12345/ for example.
+	WatchEndpoint string `lang:"watchendpoint" yaml:"watchendpoint"`
+
+	// WatchListenAddr is the local address or port that the sns listens on,
+	// eg: 10.0.0.0:23456 or 23456.
+	WatchListenAddr string `lang:"watchlistenaddr" yaml:"watchlistenaddr"`
 
-	WatchEndpoint   string `yaml:"watchendpoint"`   // the public url of the sns endpoint, eg: http://server:12345/
-	WatchListenAddr string `yaml:"watchlistenaddr"` // the local address or port that the sns listens on, eg: 10.0.0.0:23456 or 23456
 	// ErrorOnMalformedPost controls whether or not malformed HTTP post
 	// requests, that cause JSON decoder errors, will also make the engine
 	// shut down. If ErrorOnMalformedPost set to true and an error occurs,
 	// Watch() will return the error and the engine will shut down.
-	ErrorOnMalformedPost bool `yaml:"erroronmalformedpost"`
+	ErrorOnMalformedPost bool `lang:"erroronmalformedpost" yaml:"erroronmalformedpost"`
 
 	// UserData is used to run bash and cloud-init commands on first launch.
 	// See http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html
 	// for documantation and examples.
-	UserData string `yaml:"userdata"`
+	UserData string `lang:"userdata" yaml:"userdata"`
 
 	client *ec2.EC2 // client session for AWS API calls
 
@@ -187,7 +215,8 @@ type AwsEc2Res struct {
 	InstanceID  string
 }
 
-// chanStruct defines the type for a channel used to pass events and errors to watch.
+// chanStruct defines the type for a channel used to pass events and errors to
+// watch.
 type chanStruct struct {
 	event awsEc2Event
 	state string
@@ -233,7 +262,8 @@ type ruleDetail struct {
 	State []string `json:"state"`
 }
 
-// postData is the format of the messages received and decoded by snsPostHandler().
+// postData is the format of the messages received and decoded by
+// snsPostHandler().
 type postData struct {
 	Type             string `json:"Type"`
 	MessageID        string `json:"MessageId"`
@@ -247,7 +277,8 @@ type postData struct {
 	SigningCertURL   string `json:"SigningCertURL"`
 }
 
-// postMsg is used to unmarshal the postData message if it's an event notification.
+// postMsg is used to unmarshal the postData message if it's an event
+// notification.
 type postMsg struct {
 	InstanceID string `json:"instance-id"`
 	State      string `json:"state"`
@@ -385,10 +416,11 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Init(init *engine.Init) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close cleans up when we're done. This is needed to delete some of the AWS
+// Cleanup cleans up when we're done. This is needed to delete some of the AWS
 // objects created for the SNS endpoint.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Close() error {
+func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Cleanup() error {
 	var errList error
+	// XXX: do these in a defer of Watch instead.
 	// clean up sns objects created by Init/snsWatch
 	if obj.snsClient != nil {
 		// delete the topic and associated subscriptions
@@ -406,15 +438,16 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Close() error {
 }
 
 // Watch is the primary listener for this resource and it outputs events.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Watch() error {
+func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Watch(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if obj.WatchListenAddr != "" {
-		return obj.snsWatch()
+		return obj.snsWatch(ctx)
 	}
-	return obj.longpollWatch()
+	return obj.longpollWatch(ctx)
 }
 
-// longpollWatch uses the ec2 api's built in methods to watch ec2 resource state.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch() error {
+// longpollWatch uses the ec2 api's built in methods to watch ec2 resource
+// state.
+func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch(ctx context.Context) error {
 	send := false
 
 	// We tell the engine that we're running right away. This is not correct,
@@ -422,7 +455,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch() error {
 	obj.init.Running() // when started, notify engine that we're running
 
 	// cancellable context used for exiting cleanly
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	innerCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 
 	// clean up when we're done
 	defer obj.wg.Wait()
@@ -457,7 +490,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch() error {
 			}
 
 			// wait for the instance state to change
-			state, err := stateWaiter(ctx, instance, obj.client)
+			state, err := stateWaiter(innerCtx, instance, obj.client)
 			if err != nil {
 				select {
 				case obj.awsChan <- &chanStruct{
@@ -498,7 +531,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch() error {
 				send = true
 			}
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -510,11 +543,11 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) longpollWatch() error {
 }
 
 // snsWatch uses amazon's SNS and CloudWatchEvents APIs to get instance state-
-// change notifications pushed to the http endpoint (snsServer) set up below.
-// In Init() a CloudWatch rule is created along with a corresponding SNS topic
-// that it can publish to. snsWatch creates an http server which listens for
-// messages published to the topic and processes them accordingly.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsWatch() error {
+// change notifications pushed to the http endpoint (snsServer) set up below. In
+// Init() a CloudWatch rule is created along with a corresponding SNS topic that
+// it can publish to. snsWatch creates an http server which listens for messages
+// published to the topic and processes them accordingly.
+func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsWatch(ctx context.Context) error {
 	send := false
 	defer obj.wg.Wait()
 	// create the sns listener
@@ -529,9 +562,9 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsWatch() error {
 	}
 	// close the listener and shutdown the sns server when we're done
 	defer func() {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), SnsServerShutdownTimeout*time.Second)
+		innerCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), SnsServerShutdownTimeout*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		if err := snsServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+		if err := snsServer.Shutdown(innerCtx); err != nil {
 			if err != context.Canceled {
 				obj.init.Logf("error stopping sns endpoint: %s", err)
 				return
@@ -592,7 +625,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsWatch() error {
 			obj.init.Logf("State: %v", msg.event)
 			send = true
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -604,7 +637,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsWatch() error {
 }
 
 // CheckApply method for AwsEc2 resource.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *AwsEc2Res) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	obj.init.Logf("CheckApply(%t)", apply)
 
 	// find the instance we need to check
@@ -714,7 +747,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	}
 
 	// context to cancel the waiter if it takes too long
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), waitTimeout*time.Second)
+	innerCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, waitTimeout*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	// wait until the state converges
@@ -723,11 +756,11 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	}
 	switch obj.State {
 	case ec2.InstanceStateNameRunning:
-		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceRunningWithContext(ctx, waitInput)
+		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceRunningWithContext(innerCtx, waitInput)
 	case ec2.InstanceStateNameStopped:
-		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceStoppedWithContext(ctx, waitInput)
+		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceStoppedWithContext(innerCtx, waitInput)
 	case ec2.InstanceStateNameTerminated:
-		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceTerminatedWithContext(ctx, waitInput)
+		err = obj.client.WaitUntilInstanceTerminatedWithContext(innerCtx, waitInput)
 	default:
 		return false, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "unrecognized instance state")
 	}
@@ -751,45 +784,37 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 
 // Cmp compares two resources and returns an error if they are not equivalent.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Cmp(r engine.Res) error {
-	if !obj.Compare(r) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("did not compare")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Compare two resources and return if they are equivalent.
-func (obj *AwsEc2Res) Compare(r engine.Res) bool {
 	// we can only compare AwsEc2Res to others of the same resource kind
 	res, ok := r.(*AwsEc2Res)
 	if !ok {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a %s", obj.Kind())
 	}
 
 	if obj.State != res.State {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the State differs")
 	}
 	if obj.Region != res.Region {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Region differs")
 	}
 	if obj.Type != res.Type {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Type differs")
 	}
 	if obj.ImageID != res.ImageID {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the ImageID differs")
 	}
 	if obj.WatchEndpoint != res.WatchEndpoint {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the WatchEndpoint differs")
 	}
 	if obj.WatchListenAddr != res.WatchListenAddr {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the WatchListenAddr differs")
 	}
 	if obj.ErrorOnMalformedPost != res.ErrorOnMalformedPost {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the ErrorOnMalformedPost differs")
 	}
 	if obj.UserData != res.UserData {
-		return false
+		return fmt.Errorf("the UserData differs")
 	}
-	return true
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) prependName() string {
@@ -803,8 +828,8 @@ type AwsEc2UID struct {
 	name string
 }
 
-// UIDs includes all params to make a unique identification of this object.
-// Most resources only return one, although some resources can return multiple.
+// UIDs includes all params to make a unique identification of this object. Most
+// resources only return one, although some resources can return multiple.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) UIDs() []engine.ResUID {
 	x := &AwsEc2UID{
 		BaseUID: engine.BaseUID{Name: obj.Name(), Kind: obj.Kind()},
@@ -813,8 +838,8 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) UIDs() []engine.ResUID {
 	return []engine.ResUID{x}
 }
 
-// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct.
-// It is primarily useful for setting the defaults.
+// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct. It is
+// primarily useful for setting the defaults.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	type rawRes AwsEc2Res // indirection to avoid infinite recursion
 
@@ -950,8 +975,8 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsVerifySignature(post postData) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// snsGetCert downloads and parses the signing certificate from the provided
-// URL for message verification.
+// snsGetCert downloads and parses the signing certificate from the provided URL
+// for message verification.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsGetCert(url string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
 	// only download valid certificates from amazon
 	matchURL, err := regexp.MatchString(SnsCertURLRegex, url)
@@ -967,7 +992,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsGetCert(url string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
 		return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "http get error")
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errwrap.Wrapf(err, "error reading post body")
 	}
@@ -1025,7 +1050,7 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsMakeTopic() (string, error) {
 	}
 	obj.init.Logf("Created SNS Topic")
 	if topic.TopicArn == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("TopicArn is nil")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("the TopicArn is nil")
 	}
 	return *topic.TopicArn, nil
 }
@@ -1043,8 +1068,8 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsDeleteTopic(topicArn string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// snsSubscribe subscribes the endpoint to the sns topic.
-// Returning SubscriptionArn here is useless as it is still pending confirmation.
+// snsSubscribe subscribes the endpoint to the sns topic. Returning
+// SubscriptionArn here is useless as it is still pending confirmation.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsSubscribe(endpoint string, topicArn string) error {
 	// subscribe to the topic
 	subInput := &sns.SubscribeInput{
@@ -1060,8 +1085,8 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsSubscribe(endpoint string, topicArn string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// snsConfirmSubscription confirms the sns subscription.
-// Returning SubscriptionArn here is useless as it is still pending confirmation.
+// snsConfirmSubscription confirms the sns subscription. Returning
+// SubscriptionArn here is useless as it is still pending confirmation.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsConfirmSubscription(topicArn string, token string) error {
 	// confirm the subscription
 	csInput := &sns.ConfirmSubscriptionInput{
@@ -1113,7 +1138,8 @@ func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsProcessEvent(message, instanceName string) (awsEc2Event
 	return awsEc2EventNone, nil
 }
 
-// snsAuthorize adds the necessary permission for cloudwatch to publish to the SNS topic.
+// snsAuthorize adds the necessary permission for cloudwatch to publish to the
+// SNS topic.
 func (obj *AwsEc2Res) snsAuthorizeCloudWatch(topicArn string) error {
 	// get the topic attributes, including the security policy
 	gaInput := &sns.GetTopicAttributesInput{

engine/resources/config_etcd.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Mgmt
-// Copyright (C) 2013-2019+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
 // Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
 //
 // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
 
 package resources
 
@@ -57,7 +69,6 @@ type ConfigEtcdRes struct {
 	sizeFlag bool
 
 	interruptChan chan struct{}
-	wg            *sync.WaitGroup
 }
 
 // Default returns some sensible defaults for this resource.
@@ -83,26 +94,22 @@ func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Init(init *engine.Init) error {
 	obj.init = init // save for later
 
 	obj.interruptChan = make(chan struct{})
-	obj.wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
-func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Close() error {
-	obj.wg.Wait() // bonus
+// Cleanup is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
+func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Cleanup() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Watch is the primary listener for this resource and it outputs events.
-func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Watch() error {
-	obj.wg.Add(1)
-	defer obj.wg.Done()
-	// FIXME: add timeout to context
-	// The obj.init.Done channel is closed by the engine to signal shutdown.
-	ctx, cancel := util.ContextWithCloser(context.Background(), obj.init.Done)
+func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Watch(ctx context.Context) error {
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+	innerCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
-	ch, err := obj.init.World.IdealClusterSizeWatch(util.CtxWithWg(ctx, obj.wg))
+	ch, err := obj.init.World.IdealClusterSizeWatch(util.CtxWithWg(innerCtx, wg))
 	if err != nil {
 		return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not watch ideal cluster size")
 	}
@@ -121,7 +128,8 @@ Loop:
 			}
 			// pass through and send an event
 
-		case <-obj.init.Done: // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // closed by the engine to signal shutdown
+			return nil
 		}
 
 		obj.init.Event() // notify engine of an event (this can block)
@@ -134,10 +142,10 @@ Loop:
 // to zero, then it *won't* try and change it away from zero, because it assumes
 // that someone has requested a shutdown. If the value is seen on first startup,
 // then it will change it, because it might be a zero from the previous cluster.
-func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) sizeCheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) sizeCheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 	defer wg.Wait() // this must be above the defer cancel() call
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sizeCheckApplyTimeout)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, sizeCheckApplyTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -186,17 +194,17 @@ func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) sizeCheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
 }
 
 // CheckApply method for Noop resource. Does nothing, returns happy!
-func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) CheckApply(apply bool) (bool, error) {
+func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
 	checkOK := true
 
-	if c, err := obj.sizeCheckApply(apply); err != nil {
+	if c, err := obj.sizeCheckApply(ctx, apply); err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	} else if !c {
 		checkOK = false
 	}
 
 	// TODO: add more config settings management here...
-	//if c, err := obj.TODOCheckApply(apply); err != nil {
+	//if c, err := obj.TODOCheckApply(ctx, apply); err != nil {
 	//	return false, err
 	//} else if !c {
 	//	checkOK = false
@@ -229,8 +237,8 @@ func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) Interrupt() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct.
-// It is primarily useful for setting the defaults.
+// UnmarshalYAML is the custom unmarshal handler for this struct. It is
+// primarily useful for setting the defaults.
 func (obj *ConfigEtcdRes) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	type rawRes ConfigEtcdRes // indirection to avoid infinite recursion
 

engine/resources/consul_kv.go

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+// Mgmt
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2024+ James Shubin and the project contributors
+// Written by James Shubin <james@shubin.ca> and the project contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+// Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
+//
+// If you modify this program, or any covered work, by linking or combining it
+// with embedded mcl code and modules (and that the embedded mcl code and
+// modules which link with this program, contain a copy of their source code in
+// the authoritative form) containing parts covered by the terms of any other
+// license, the licensors of this program grant you additional permission to
+// convey the resulting work. Furthermore, the licensors of this program grant
+// the original author, James Shubin, additional permission to update this
+// additional permission if he deems it necessary to achieve the goals of this
+// additional permission.
+
+package resources
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/engine/traits"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util"
+	"github.com/purpleidea/mgmt/util/errwrap"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/api"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	engine.RegisterResource("consul:kv", func() engine.Res { return &ConsulKVRes{} })
+}
+
+// ConsulKVRes is a resource that writes a value into a Consul datastore. The
+// name of the resource can either be the key name, or the concatenation of the
+// server address and the key name: http://127.0.0.1:8500/my-key. If the param
+// keys are specified, then those are used. If the Name cannot be properly
+// parsed by url.Parse, then it will be considered as the Key's value. If the
+// Key is specified explicitly, then we won't use anything from the Name.
+type ConsulKVRes struct {
+	traits.Base
+	init *engine.Init
+
+	// Key is the name of the key. Defaults to the name of the resource.
+	Key string `lang:"key" yaml:"key"`
+
+	// Value is the value for the key.
+	Value string `lang:"value" yaml:"value"`
+
+	// Scheme is the URI scheme for the Consul server. Default: http.
+	Scheme string `lang:"scheme" yaml:"scheme"`
+
+	// Address is the address of the Consul server. Default: 127.0.0.1:8500.
+	Address string `lang:"address" yaml:"address"`
+
+	// Token is used to provide an ACL token to use for this resource.
+	Token string `lang:"token" yaml:"token"`
+
+	client *api.Client
+	config *api.Config // needed to close the idle connections
+	once   bool        // safety token
+	key    string      // cache the key name to avoid re-running the parser
+}
+
+// Default returns some sensible defaults for this resource.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Default() engine.Res {
+	return &ConsulKVRes{}
+}
+
+// Validate if the params passed in are valid data.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Validate() error {
+	s, _, k := obj.inputParser()
+	if k == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Key is empty")
+	}
+	if s != "" && s != "http" && s != "https" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown Scheme")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Init runs some startup code for this resource.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Init(init *engine.Init) error {
+	obj.init = init // save for later
+
+	s, a, k := obj.inputParser()
+
+	obj.config = api.DefaultConfig()
+	if s != "" {
+		obj.config.Scheme = s
+	}
+	if a != "" {
+		obj.config.Address = obj.Address
+	}
+	obj.key = k // store the key
+	obj.init.Logf("using consul key: %s", obj.key)
+
+	if obj.Token != "" {
+		obj.config.Token = obj.Token
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	obj.client, err = api.NewClient(obj.config)
+	return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "could not create Consul client")
+}
+
+// Cleanup is run by the engine to clean up after the resource is done.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Cleanup() error {
+	if obj.config != nil && obj.config.Transport != nil {
+		obj.config.Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Watch is the listener and main loop for this resource and it outputs events.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Watch(ctx context.Context) error {
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+
+	ch := make(chan error)
+	exit := make(chan struct{})
+
+	kv := obj.client.KV()
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(ch)
+		defer wg.Done()
+
+		opts := &api.QueryOptions{RequireConsistent: true}
+		innerCtx, cancel := util.ContextWithCloser(context.Background(), exit)
+		defer cancel()
+		opts = opts.WithContext(innerCtx)
+
+		for {
+			_, meta, err := kv.Get(obj.key, opts)
+			select {
+			case ch <- err: // send
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+
+				// WaitIndex = 0, which means that it is the
+				// first time we run the query, as we are about
+				// to change the WaitIndex to make a blocking
+				// query, we can consider the watch started.
+				opts.WaitIndex = meta.LastIndex
+				if opts.WaitIndex != 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if !obj.once {
+					obj.init.Running()
+					obj.once = true
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// Unexpected situation, bug in consul API...
+				select {
+				case ch <- fmt.Errorf("unexpected behaviour in Consul API"):
+				case <-ctx.Done(): // signal for shutdown request
+				}
+
+			case <-ctx.Done(): // signal for shutdown request
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	defer close(exit)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case err, ok := <-ch:
+			if !ok { // channel shutdown
+				return nil
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return errwrap.Wrapf(err, "unknown %s watcher error", obj)
+			}
+			if obj.init.Debug {
+				obj.init.Logf("event!")
+			}
+			obj.init.Event()
+
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // signal for shutdown request
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// CheckApply is run to check the state and, if apply is true, to apply the
+// necessary changes to reach the desired state. This is run before Watch and
+// again if Watch finds a change occurring to the state.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) CheckApply(ctx context.Context, apply bool) (bool, error) {
+	// XXX: use ctx for get and put
+	if obj.init.Debug {
+		obj.init.Logf("consul key: %s", obj.key)
+	}
+	kv := obj.client.KV()
+	pair, _, err := kv.Get(obj.key, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if pair != nil && string(pair.Value) == obj.Value {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	if !apply {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	p := &api.KVPair{Key: obj.key, Value: []byte(obj.Value)}
+	_, err = kv.Put(p, nil)
+	return false, err
+}
+
+// Cmp compares two resources and return if they are equivalent.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) Cmp(r engine.Res) error {
+	res, ok := r.(*ConsulKVRes)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a %s", obj.Kind())
+	}
+
+	if obj.Key != res.Key {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Key param differs")
+	}
+	if obj.Value != res.Value {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Value param differs")
+	}
+	if obj.Scheme != res.Scheme {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Scheme param differs")
+	}
+	if obj.Address != res.Address {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Address param differs")
+	}
+	if obj.Token != res.Token {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the Token param differs")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// inputParser parses the Name() of a resource and extracts the scheme, address,
+// and key name of a consul key. We don't have an error, because if we have one,
+// then it means the input must be a raw key. Output of this function is scheme,
+// address (includes hostname and port), and key. This also takes our parameters
+// in to account, and applies the correct overrides if they are specified there.
+func (obj *ConsulKVRes) inputParser() (string, string, string) {
+	// If the key is specified explicitly, then we're not going to parse the
+	// resource name for a pattern, and we use our given params as they are.
+	if obj.Key != "" {
+		return obj.Scheme, obj.Address, obj.Key
+	}
+
+	// Now we parse...
+	u, err := url.Parse(obj.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		// If this didn't work, then we know it's explicitly a raw key.
+		return obj.Scheme, obj.Address, obj.Name()
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, we use the parse result, and we overwrite any of the
+	// fields if we have an explicit param that was specified.
+	k := u.Path
+	s := u.Scheme
+	a := u.Host
+
+	//if obj.Key != "" { // this is now guaranteed to never happen
+	//	k = obj.Key
+	//}
+	if obj.Scheme != "" {
+		s = obj.Scheme
+	}
+	if obj.Address != "" {
+		a = obj.Address
+	}
+
+	return s, a, k
+}